Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center, and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022 Apr;61(4):473-475. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.12.001. Epub 2021 Dec 15.
Nearly 30%, or close to 2 billion, of the world's population are youth 10 to 24 years of age. This number is projected to peak in the next decade. Greater focus on behaviors that are largely initiated and escalate during adolescence, and manifest ensuing morbidity and mortality in adulthood, can reduce long-term public health burden. This is especially true for alcohol use, which is the most commonly abused substance among adolescents, and 1 of the leading causes of morbidity globally, with more than 4,000 alcohol-attributable deaths per year in the United States specifically. Indeed, in the United States, alcohol use among adolescents is high, with over 60% of 12 graders reporting lifetime use, nearly 35% reporting use in the past month, and nearly 20% reporting binge drinking in the past 2 weeks. Furthermore, approximately 5% of 12- to 17-year-olds meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder. Despite high rates of alcohol use among adolescents and poor psychosocial, neurocognitive, and health outcomes related to use, it is estimated that only about 10% of adolescents needing substance use treatment access treatment, with 75% of those accessing treatment experiencing a relapse. Although a number of prevention and treatment interventions have demonstrated efficacy in the short term, there are few data on programs and program characteristics that result in durable treatment effects.
全球近 30%，即接近 20 亿的人口为 10 至 24 岁的青年。预计这一数字将在未来十年内达到峰值。更加关注主要在青少年时期开始并升级的行为，以及随之而来的成年期发病率和死亡率，可以减轻长期的公共卫生负担。这在酒精使用方面尤其如此，酒精是青少年中最常滥用的物质，也是全球发病率的主要原因之一，仅在美国每年就有超过 4000 人因酒精相关死亡。事实上，在美国，青少年饮酒率很高，超过 60%的 12 年级学生报告有终身饮酒史，近 35%的学生报告在过去一个月内饮酒，近 20%的学生报告在过去两周内狂饮。此外，大约 5%的 12 至 17 岁青少年符合酒精使用障碍的标准。尽管青少年饮酒率很高，而且与饮酒相关的心理社会、神经认知和健康后果不佳，但据估计，只有约 10%需要药物滥用治疗的青少年接受了治疗，而接受治疗的人中 75%会复发。尽管许多预防和治疗干预措施在短期内已被证明有效，但关于可导致持久治疗效果的方案和方案特征的数据很少。
