Lanzarini Natália Maria, Federigi Ileana, Marinho Mata Rafaela, Neves Borges Maria Denise, Mendes Saggioro Enrico, Cioni Lorenzo, Verani Marco, Carducci Annalaura, Costa Moreira Josino, Ferreira Mannarino Camille, Pereira Miagostovich Marize
Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Hygiene and Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa 56127, Italy.
Waste Manag. 2022 Feb 1;138:308-317. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.005. Epub 2021 Dec 15.
Leachate is a variable effluent from waste management systems generated during waste collection and on landfills. Twenty-two leachate samples from waste collection trucks and a landfill were collected from March to December 2019 in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and were analyzed for Human Adenovirus (HAdV), bacterial indicators and physico-chemical parameters. For viral analysis, samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation and processed for molecular analysis using QIAamp Fast DNA Stool mini kit® for DNA extraction followed by nested-PCR and qPCR/PMA-qPCR TaqMan® system. HAdV was detected by nested-PCR in 100% (9/9) and 83.33% (12/13) of the truck and landfill leachate samples, respectively. Viral concentrations ranged from 8.31 × 10 to 6.68 × 10 genomic copies per 100 ml by qPCR and PMA-qPCR. HAdV species A, B, C, and F were characterized using nucleotide sequencing. HAdV were isolated in A549 culture cells in 100% (9/9) and 46.2% (6/13) from truck and landfill leachate samples, respectively. Regardless of the detection methods, HAdV concentration was predicted by the quantity of total suspended solids. A quantitative microbial risk assessment was performed to measure the probability of gastrointestinal (GI) illness attributable to inadvertent oral ingestion of truck leachate, revealing the higher probability of disease for the direct splashing into the oral cavity (58%) than for the gloved hand-to-mouth (33%). In a scenario where waste collectors do not wear gloves as protective personal equipment, the risk increases to 67%. This is the first study revealing infectious HAdV in solid waste leachate and indicates a potential health risk for waste collectors.
渗滤液是废物管理系统在垃圾收集过程中和垃圾填埋场产生的一种可变废水。2019年3月至12月期间，在巴西里约热内卢市收集了来自垃圾收集车和一个垃圾填埋场的22份渗滤液样本，并对其进行了人腺病毒（HAdV）、细菌指标和理化参数分析。对于病毒分析，样本通过超速离心进行浓缩，并使用QIAamp Fast DNA Stool mini试剂盒®进行DNA提取，随后进行巢式PCR和qPCR/PMA-qPCR TaqMan®系统处理以进行分子分析。通过巢式PCR分别在100%（9/9）的垃圾收集车渗滤液样本和83.33%（12/13）的垃圾填埋场渗滤液样本中检测到HAdV。通过qPCR和PMA-qPCR测定的病毒浓度范围为每100毫升8.31×10至6.68×10个基因组拷贝。使用核苷酸测序对HAdV A、B、C和F型进行了鉴定。分别在100%（9/9）的垃圾收集车渗滤液样本和46.2%（6/13）的垃圾填埋场渗滤液样本的A549培养细胞中分离出HAdV。无论采用何种检测方法，HAdV浓度均由总悬浮固体量预测。进行了定量微生物风险评估，以衡量因意外经口摄入垃圾收集车渗滤液而导致胃肠道疾病的概率，结果显示直接溅入口腔（58%）导致疾病的概率高于戴手套后经手接触口腔（33%）。在垃圾收集者不戴手套作为个人防护装备的情况下，风险增加到67%。这是第一项揭示固体废物渗滤液中存在传染性HAdV的研究，并表明垃圾收集者存在潜在健康风险。
