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生物炭和氮肥联合施用促进了双季稻系统中水稻淀粉代谢酶的活性和相关基因的表达。

Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promotes the activity of starch metabolism enzymes and the expression of related genes in rice in a dual cropping system.

机构信息

College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.

College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.

出版信息

BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Dec 18;21(1):600. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-03384-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12870-021-03384-w
PMID:34922452
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8684189/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Overuse of chemical fertilizer highly influences grain filling rate and quality of rice grain. Biochar is well known for improving plant growth and grain yield under lower chemical fertilization. Therefore field trials were conducted in the early and late seasons of 2019 at Guangxi University, China to investigate the effects of combined biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) application on rice yield and yield components. There were a total of eight treatments: N1B0, 135 kg N ha+ 0 t B ha; N2B0,180 kg N ha+ 0 t B ha; N1B1,135 kg N ha+ 10 t B ha; N1B2,135kg N ha+ 20 t B ha; N1B3,135 kg N ha+ 30 t B ha; N2B1,180 kg N ha+ 10 t B ha; N2B2,180 kg N ha+ 20 t B ha; and N2B3,180 kg N ha+ 30 t B ha.

RESULTS

Biochar application at 30 t hacombined with low N application (135 kg ha) increased the activity of starch-metabolizing enzymes (SMEs) during the early and late seasons compared with treatments without biochar. The grain yield, amylose concentration, and starch content of rice were increased in plots treated with 30 t B haand low N. RT-qPCR analysis showed that biochar addition combined with N fertilizer application increased the expression of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b, which increased the activity of SMEs during the grain-filling period.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that the use of 20 to 30 t B hacoupled with 135 kg N ha is optimal for improving the grain yield and quality of rice.

摘要

背景

化肥的过度使用严重影响了水稻的灌浆速率和稻米品质。生物炭在低化肥条件下促进植物生长和提高粮食产量方面已得到广泛认可。因此，2019 年在中国广西大学早稻和晚稻季进行了田间试验，以研究生物炭（B）和氮（N）联合施用对水稻产量和产量构成的影响。共设置 8 个处理：N1B0，施 135kg/ha 氮+0t/ha 生物炭；N2B0，施 180kg/ha 氮+0t/ha 生物炭；N1B1，施 135kg/ha 氮+10t/ha 生物炭；N1B2，施 135kg/ha 氮+20t/ha 生物炭；N1B3，施 135kg/ha 氮+30t/ha 生物炭；N2B1，施 180kg/ha 氮+10t/ha 生物炭；N2B2，施 180kg/ha 氮+20t/ha 生物炭；N2B3，施 180kg/ha 氮+30t/ha 生物炭。

结果

与无生物炭处理相比，早稻和晚稻季施用 30t/ha 生物炭并配合低氮（135kg/ha）处理可提高淀粉代谢酶（SMEs）的活性。在施用 30t/ha 生物炭和低氮处理的稻田中，稻谷产量、直链淀粉浓度和淀粉含量均有所提高。RT-qPCR 分析表明，生物炭与氮肥联合施用可增加 AGPS2b、SSS1、GBSS1 和 GBSE11b 的表达，从而提高灌浆期 SME 的活性。

结论

本研究结果表明，施用 20-30t/ha 生物炭并配合 135kg/ha 氮是提高水稻产量和品质的最佳措施。

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