Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang, China.
Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 9;10(1):16917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73888-2.
We determined the effects of biochar on starch properties and the activities of enzymes and expression levels of genes related to starch in two Japonica rice cultivars. The two rice varieties were subjected to five biochar treatments (0, control; and 5, 10, 20, and 40 t/hm). In both rice varieties, the content of apparent amylose and resistant starch were lower in biochar treatments than in the control. The proportion of fa chains was higher and that of fb3 chain was lower in the biochar treatments than in the control. Starch viscosity and cooking taste quality were improved by the biochar treatments. In both rice varieties, the activity of granule-bound starch synthase was significantly decreased by biochar treatments, and the activities of soluble starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, and starch debranching enzyme were significantly increased. The transcript levels of genes encoding starch synthases and starch branching enzymes were significantly increased by biochar treatments. We conclude that biochar at a dose of 5-10 t/hm can regulate the activity of starch-related enzymes, and this affects the type, content, and fine structure of starch. Therefore, the addition of biochar to soil can improve the viscosity and taste quality of rice starch.
我们研究了生物炭对两种粳稻品种淀粉性质以及与淀粉相关的酶活性和基因表达水平的影响。这两种水稻品种分别经过 5 种生物炭处理（0，对照；5、10、20 和 40 吨/公顷）。与对照相比，生物炭处理降低了两种水稻品种中直链淀粉和抗性淀粉的含量。生物炭处理中 fa 链的比例高于 fb3 链。生物炭处理提高了淀粉的黏度和蒸煮口感品质。在两种水稻品种中，生物炭处理均显著降低了颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶的活性，同时显著增加了可溶性淀粉合成酶、淀粉分支酶和淀粉脱支酶的活性。生物炭处理显著增加了编码淀粉合成酶和淀粉分支酶的基因的转录水平。我们的结论是，生物炭用量为 5-10 吨/公顷时可以调节与淀粉相关的酶的活性，从而影响淀粉的类型、含量和精细结构。因此，向土壤中添加生物炭可以改善水稻淀粉的黏度和口感品质。
