Ou Hao-Cho, Deng Jou-Fang, Yang Chen-Chang, Lin Chin-Sheng, Mao Yan-Chiao, Tsai Shih-Hung, Ho Cheng-Hsuan
Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Am J Emerg Med. 2022 May;55:224.e1-224.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.11.049. Epub 2021 Dec 3.
Caffeine poisoning is relatively rare, and a near-fatal caffeine overdose is highly uncommon. We present an 18-year-old male who attempted suicide with 295 mg/kg pure caffeine powder (lethal oral dose: 150-200 mg/kg) and was successfully rescued. He presented with seizures, refractory supraventricular tachycardia and hypertension for 6 h with no response to medications and cardioversion. Even with the high level of caffeine, labetalol, which is seldom administered as a treatment for caffeine poisoning-induced tachycardia, successfully relieved refractory tachycardia. Then, hemodialysis ultimately eliminated serum caffeine and completely alleviated caffeine-related central nervous system toxicity. We discuss the clinical symptoms, management and toxicodynamics based on the concentration of caffeine and its metabolites in serum and urine.
咖啡因中毒相对罕见,近乎致命的咖啡因过量服用极为不常见。我们报告一名18岁男性,其试图服用295毫克/千克纯咖啡因粉末自杀(口服致死剂量:150 - 200毫克/千克),最终成功获救。他出现癫痫发作、难治性室上性心动过速和高血压达6小时,药物治疗和心脏复律均无效果。即便咖啡因水平很高,但很少用于治疗咖啡因中毒所致心动过速的拉贝洛尔成功缓解了难治性心动过速。随后,血液透析最终清除了血清中的咖啡因,并完全缓解了与咖啡因相关的中枢神经系统毒性。我们根据血清和尿液中咖啡因及其代谢物的浓度讨论了临床症状、治疗及毒理学机制。