Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2022 Jan-Feb;70:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.12.001. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Advancements in the treatment of CVD have reduced mortality rates, yet the global burden of CVD remains high. Considering that CVD is still largely a preventable disease, prioritizing preventative measures through healthy lifestyle (HL) behaviors is necessary to lessen the burden of CVD. HL behaviors, such as regular exercise, healthy eating habits, adequate sleep, and smoking cessation, can influence a number of traditional CVD risk factors as well as a less commonly measured risk factor, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). It is important to note that cardiac rehabilitation programs, which traditionally have focused on secondary prevention, also emphasize the importance of making comprehensive HL behavior changes. This review discusses preventative measures to reduce the burden of CVD through an increased uptake and assessment of HL behaviors. An overview of the importance of CRF as a risk factor is discussed along with how to improve CRF and other risk factors through HL behavior interventions. The role of the clinician for promoting HL behaviors to prevent CVD is also reviewed.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球范围内的主要死亡原因。CVD 治疗方面的进步降低了死亡率，但 CVD 的全球负担仍然很高。鉴于 CVD 在很大程度上仍然是一种可预防的疾病，通过健康的生活方式（HL）行为优先考虑预防措施对于减轻 CVD 的负担是必要的。HL 行为，如定期锻炼、健康的饮食习惯、充足的睡眠和戒烟，可以影响许多传统的 CVD 风险因素以及一个不太常见的衡量风险因素，心肺健康（CRF）。值得注意的是，传统上专注于二级预防的心脏康复计划也强调了全面改变 HL 行为的重要性。这篇综述讨论了通过增加 HL 行为的采用和评估来减轻 CVD 负担的预防措施。讨论了 CRF 作为一个风险因素的重要性，以及如何通过 HL 行为干预来提高 CRF 和其他风险因素。还回顾了临床医生在促进 HL 行为以预防 CVD 方面的作用。
