Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza, PR, Brazil.
Sleep Health. 2022 Apr;8(2):167-174. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.11.007. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
Prior studies have examined sleep during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but have few compared sleep measured both during and prior to COVID. We examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective sleep quality in general and separately by gender and age (<50 vs. ≥50 years). Further, we compared sleep quality between those who did and did not follow quarantine orders.
This sample is from the Baependi Heart Study, a family-based cohort of adults in South-eastern Brazil. Longitudinal data were from 417 individuals who completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) twice: between January 2010 and September 2014 (pre-COVID) and during the COVID-19 stay-at-home order March-June, 2020. Cross-sectional analysis included 800 participants.
Mean (±SD) PSQI scores were significantly higher during than before COVID-19 (5.7 ± 3.8 vs. 5.0 ± 3.3, p < .01). This increase was significant among women and among adults ≥50 years but not in men or younger adults. The significant increase in PSQI was only observed in those who quarantined during COVID-19 (5.9 ±3.7 vs. 5.2 ±3.4, p < .01) and not those who did not quarantine (5.0 ± 3.7 vs. 4.5 ± 3, p = .12). In cross-sectional analyses, individuals who quarantined had higher PSQI scores than nonquarantined individuals (6.1 ± 3.9 vs. 5.0 ± 3.5, p < .01). The quarantine status-dependent differences were significant for women (6.4 ± 4 vs. 5.2 ± 3.7, p < .01) and older adults (6.6 ± 0.1 vs. 5.5 ± 3.3, p = .04). Differences by quarantine status were attenuated after adjusting for age and gender.
Subjective sleep quality declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women, older adults, and those compliant to quarantine orders.
先前的研究已经检查了 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间的睡眠情况，但很少有研究比较 COVID 之前和期间测量的睡眠。我们检查了 COVID-19 大流行对一般人群主观睡眠质量的影响，以及按性别和年龄（<50 岁与≥50 岁）进行的分别影响。此外，我们比较了遵守和不遵守隔离令的人群之间的睡眠质量。
本研究样本来自巴西东南部的贝伦迪心脏研究，这是一项基于家庭的成年人队列研究。纵向数据来自于 417 名参与者，他们两次完成匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）：一次是在 2010 年 1 月至 2014 年 9 月（COVID 之前），另一次是在 2020 年 3 月至 6 月 COVID-19 居家令期间。横断面分析包括 800 名参与者。
PSQI 评分的平均值（±SD）在 COVID-19 期间显著高于 COVID-19 之前（5.7 ± 3.8 比 5.0 ± 3.3，p <.01）。这种增加在女性和≥50 岁的成年人中显著，但在男性或年轻成年人中不显著。仅在 COVID-19 期间进行隔离的人群中观察到 PSQI 的显著增加（5.9 ± 3.7 比 5.2 ± 3.4，p <.01），而未进行隔离的人群中没有观察到 PSQI 的显著增加（5.0 ± 3.7 比 4.5 ± 3，p =.12）。在横断面分析中，进行隔离的个体的 PSQI 评分高于未进行隔离的个体（6.1 ± 3.9 比 5.0 ± 3.5，p <.01）。隔离状态依赖性差异在女性（6.4 ± 4 比 5.2 ± 3.7，p <.01）和老年人（6.6 ± 0.1 比 5.5 ± 3.3，p =.04）中更为显著。调整年龄和性别后，隔离状态的差异减弱。
主观睡眠质量在 COVID-19 大流行期间下降，特别是在女性、老年人和遵守隔离令的人群中。
