DePasquale Carrie E, Herzberg Max P, Gunnar Megan R
University of Minnesota.
Washington University School of Medicine.
Child Dev Perspect. 2021 Dec;15(4):249-256. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12429. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
Recent research has suggested that the pubertal period provides an opportunity for recalibrating the stress-responsive systems in youth whose responses to stress have been altered by early adversity. Such recalibration may have cascading effects that affect brain and behavioral development. In this article, we consider a large, cross-species literature to demonstrate the potential importance of pubertal stress recalibration for understanding the development of psychopathology following early deprivation by caregivers. We review the evidence for recalibration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans, examine research on rodents that has established mechanisms through which stress hormones affect brain structure and function, and summarize the literature on human neuroimaging to assess how these mechanisms may translate into changes in human behavior. Finally, we suggest ideas for elucidating the consequences of pubertal stress recalibration that will improve our understanding of adaptive and maladaptive adolescent behavior following early adversity.
最近的研究表明，青春期为重新校准年轻人的应激反应系统提供了一个机会，这些年轻人对压力的反应已因早期逆境而改变。这种重新校准可能会产生连锁反应，影响大脑和行为发育。在本文中，我们考察了大量跨物种文献，以证明青春期应激重新校准对于理解早期被照顾者剥夺后精神病理学发展的潜在重要性。我们回顾了人类下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴重新校准的证据，研究了啮齿动物中已确立的应激激素影响大脑结构和功能的机制，并总结了人类神经影像学文献，以评估这些机制如何转化为人类行为的变化。最后，我们提出了一些阐明青春期应激重新校准后果的想法，这将增进我们对早期逆境后青少年适应性和适应不良行为的理解。
