Cracraft Joel
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, P.O. Box 6998, Chicago, Illinois 60680, U.S.A.
Cladistics. 1992 Mar;8(1):1-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00049.x.
The phylogenetic species concept is applied for the first time to a major radiation of birds, the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) of Australasia. Using the biological species concept, previous workers have postulated approximately 40-42 species in the family. Of these, approximately 13 are monotypic and 27 are polytypic with about 100 subspecies. Phylogenetic species are irreducible (basal) clusters of organisms (terminal taxa) that are diagnosably distinct from other such clusters. Within the context of this concept, approximately 90 species of paradisaeids are postulated to have diversified within Australasia. The phylogenetic species concept more accurately describes evolutionary diversity within the family and provides a better theoretical and empirical framework for analysing speciation, historical biogeography and patterns of morphological, behavioral and ecological diversification within this group than does the biological species concept.
系统发育物种概念首次应用于鸟类的一次主要辐射演化，即澳大拉西亚的极乐鸟科（Paradisaeidae）。运用生物物种概念，先前的研究人员推测该科大约有40 - 42个物种。其中，约13个为单型种，27个为多型种，约有100个亚种。系统发育物种是生物体（终端分类单元）不可再分的（基部）类群，与其他此类类群在分类上明显不同。在此概念框架下，推测约有90种极乐鸟在澳大拉西亚地区已经分化。相较于生物物种概念，系统发育物种概念能更准确地描述该科内的进化多样性，并为分析该类群内的物种形成、历史生物地理学以及形态、行为和生态多样化模式提供更好的理论和实证框架。
