电子控制冷却垫可以提高热应激泌乳母猪的垫料生长性能和产奶的间接指标。
Electronically controlled cooling pads can improve litter growth performance and indirect measures of milk production in heat-stressed lactating sows.
机构信息
USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
出版信息
J Anim Sci. 2022 Feb 1;100(2). doi: 10.1093/jas/skab371.
Heat stress (HS) decreases lactation output in sows due to an attempt to reduce metabolic heat production. However, this negatively affects litter growth performance. Therefore, the study objective was to determine whether electronically controlled cooling pads (ECP) would improve indirect measures of lactation output (e.g., total heat production [THP]) and litter growth performance in HS exposed sows. Over two repetitions, 12 multiparous (2.69 ± 0.85) lactating sows (265.4 ± 26.1 kg body weight [BW]) and litters were assigned to either an ECP (n = 3/repetition) or a non-functional ECP (NECP; n = 3/repetition) and placed into farrowing crates within indirect calorimeters from days 3.7 ± 0.5 to 18.7 ± 0.5 of lactation. Litters were standardized across all sows (11.4 ± 0.7 piglets/litter), and sows were provided ad libitum feed and water. All sows were exposed to cyclical HS (28.27 ± 0.26 °C nighttime to 33.09 ± 0.19°C daytime). On days 4, 8, 14, and 18 of lactation, indirect calorimetry was performed on each individual sow and litter to determine THP and THP/kg BW0.75. Body temperature (TB) was measured hourly using vaginal implants, and respiration rate (RR; breaths per minute [bpm]) was measured daily at 0700, 1100, 1300, 1500, and 1900 h. Sow feed intake (FI) was assessed daily. Litter weights were obtained at birth, on days 4, 8, 14, and 18 of lactation, and at weaning. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX with sow and/or litter as the experimental unit. An overall decrease (P < 0.01; 25 bpm) in RR and maximum daily TB (P = 0.02; 0.40 °C) was observed in ECP vs. NECP sows. An increase in THP (P < 0.01; 20.4%) and THP/kg BW0.75 (P < 0.01; 23.1%) was observed for ECP when compared with NECP sows and litters. Litter average daily gain and weaning weight were increased (P < 0.05; 25.0 and 19.2%, respectively) for ECP vs. NECP litters. No FI differences were observed (P = 0.40) when comparing ECP (5.66 ± 0.31 kg/d) and NECP (5.28 ± 0.31 kg/d) sows. In summary, ECPs improve litter growth, thermoregulatory measures, and bioenergetic parameters associated with greater milk production in lactating sows exposed to cyclical HS.
热应激（HS）会降低母猪的泌乳量，因为它们试图减少代谢产生的热量。然而，这会对仔猪生长性能产生负面影响。因此，本研究的目的是确定电子控制冷却垫（ECP）是否会改善 HS 暴露母猪的间接泌乳量（例如总热量产生[THP]）和仔猪生长性能。在两次重复中，将 12 头经产（2.69±0.85）泌乳母猪（265.4±26.1 公斤体重[BW]）和仔猪分配到 ECP（n=3/重复）或非功能 ECP（NECP；n=3/重复），并在哺乳期第 3.7±0.5 天至 18.7±0.5 天放置在间接测热仪中的产仔箱中。所有母猪的仔猪数（11.4±0.7 头/窝）都标准化，母猪自由采食和饮水。所有母猪都暴露在周期性 HS 下（夜间 28.27±0.26°C，白天 33.09±0.19°C）。在哺乳期第 4、8、14 和 18 天，对每头母猪和每窝仔猪进行间接测热，以确定 THP 和 THP/kg BW0.75。使用阴道植入物每小时测量体温（TB），每天在 0700、1100、1300、1500 和 1900 时测量呼吸率（RR；每分钟呼吸次数[bpm]）。每天评估母猪的采食量（FI）。在分娩时、哺乳期第 4、8、14 和 18 天以及断奶时获得仔猪体重。数据使用 PROC GLIMMIX 进行分析，以母猪和/或仔猪为实验单位。与 NECP 母猪相比，ECP 母猪的 RR（P<0.01；25 bpm）和最大日 TB（P=0.02；0.40°C）整体下降。与 NECP 母猪相比，ECP 母猪的 THP（P<0.01；20.4%）和 THP/kg BW0.75（P<0.01；23.1%）增加。与 NECP 仔猪相比，ECP 仔猪的平均日增重和断奶体重增加（P<0.05；分别为 25.0%和 19.2%）。比较 ECP（5.66±0.31 公斤/天）和 NECP（5.28±0.31 公斤/天）母猪时，FI 没有差异（P=0.40）。总之，在周期性 HS 暴露下，ECP 提高了泌乳母猪的仔猪生长、体温调节指标和与产奶量增加相关的生物能量参数。
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