Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, TAIWAN.
Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, TAIWAN.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 May 1;54(5):751-760. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002842. Epub 2021 Dec 23.
Mitochondrial bioenergetics is critical for immune function in natural killer (NK) cell. Physical exercise modulates NK cell functionality, depending on the intensity and type of exercise. This study elucidates how interval and continuous exercise regimens affect the phenotypes and mitochondrial bioenergetics of NK cells.
Sixty healthy sedentary males were randomly assigned to engage in either high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 3-min intervals at 80% and 40% maximal O2, n = 20; age, 22.2 yr; body mass index [BMI], 24.3 kg·m-2) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, sustained 60% maximal O2, n = 20; age, 22.3 yr; BMI, 23.3 kg·m-2) for 30 min·d-1, 5 d·wk-1 for 6 wk or were assigned to a control group that did not receive exercise intervention (n = 20; age, 22.6 yr; BMI, 24.0 kg·m-2). Natural killer cell phenotypes, granule proteins, and mitochondrial oxidative stress/oxidative phosphorylation after graded exercise test (GXT) were measured before and after the various interventions.
Before the intervention, the GXT increased the mobilization of CD57+NK cells into the blood and elevated mitochondrial matrix oxidant burden (MOB) in NK cells, Following the 6 wk of interventions, both HIIT and MICT (i) diminished mobilization of CD57+NK cells into the blood and depressed mitochondrial MOB level in NK cells immediately after GXT, (ii) increased mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular perforin and granzyme B levels in NK cells, and (iii) enhanced the maximal and reserve O2 consumption rates and heightened bioenergetic health index in NK cells. In addition, HIIT increased maximal work rate than those of MICT.
Either HIIT or MICT increases the expressions of cytotoxic granule proteins and depresses mitochondrial MOB elevated by GXT, along with improving mitochondrial bioenergetic functionality in NK cells. Moreover, HIIT is superior to MICT in improving aerobic capacity.
线粒体生物能对于自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞的免疫功能至关重要。运动可以调节 NK 细胞的功能，具体取决于运动的强度和类型。本研究阐明了间歇和连续运动方案如何影响 NK 细胞的表型和线粒体生物能。
60 名健康的久坐男性被随机分配进行高强度间歇训练 (HIIT，80%和 40%最大 O2 的 3 分钟间隔，n = 20；年龄，22.2 岁；体重指数 [BMI]，24.3 kg·m-2）或中等强度连续训练（MICT，持续 60%最大 O2，n = 20；年龄，22.3 岁；BMI，23.3 kg·m-2），每天 30 分钟，每周 5 天，持续 6 周，或分配到未接受运动干预的对照组（n = 20；年龄，22.6 岁；BMI，24.0 kg·m-2）。在各种干预措施前后，通过分级运动试验 (GXT) 测量 NK 细胞表型、颗粒蛋白和线粒体氧化应激/氧化磷酸化。
在干预前，GXT 增加了 CD57+NK 细胞向血液中的动员，并增加了 NK 细胞中线粒体基质氧化剂负担 (MOB)。经过 6 周的干预，HIIT 和 MICT 都（i）减少了 CD57+NK 细胞向血液中的动员，并降低了 NK 细胞在 GXT 后即刻的线粒体 MOB 水平，（ii）增加了 NK 细胞中线粒体膜电位和细胞穿孔素和颗粒酶 B 的水平，（iii）提高了 NK 细胞的最大和储备 O2 消耗率，并提高了 NK 细胞的生物能健康指数。此外，HIIT 增加了最大工作率，高于 MICT。
无论是 HIIT 还是 MICT，都能增加 NK 细胞中细胞毒性颗粒蛋白的表达，并降低 GXT 引起的线粒体 MOB 升高，同时改善 NK 细胞的线粒体生物能功能。此外，HIIT 在提高有氧能力方面优于 MICT。
