Minimized Atrazine Risks to Crop Security and Its Residue in the Environment by a Rice Methyltransferase as a Regulation Factor.

Atrazine (ATZ) is an agricultural pesticide for controlling field weeds. ATZ accumulates in many crops, posing high risks to crop production and food safety. Characterizing one of the novel rice MT genes named atrazine-responsive methyltransferase () showed that the expression of was associated with DNA demethylation (hypomethylation) in its promoter region. The enhancement of expression was manifested by the attenuated symptoms of ATZ toxicity including better growth and lower ATZ accumulation in plants. The promoted capacity of detoxification was confirmed by transgenic rice overexpression lines and also functionally proved by CRISPR-Cas9 knockout mutants. The transgenic lines accumulate more ATZ metabolites in rice and lower concentrations in the growth environment, pointing out that ATZ metabolism or degradation can be intensified. The ATZ-induced DNA demethylation is an important hallmark representing the epigenetic mechanism, which is required for the extra expression to facilitate ATZ disappearance in rice and the environment.