Masarone Daniele, Kittleson Michelle, Gravino Rita, Valente Fabio, Petraio Andrea, Pacileo Giuseppe
Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Dec 11;11(12):2338. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11122338.
Transthoracic echocardiography is the primary non-invasive modality for the investigation of heart transplant recipients. It is a versatile tool that provides comprehensive information on cardiac structure and function. Echocardiography is also helpful in diagnosing primary graft dysfunction and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches for this condition. In acute rejection, echocardiography is useful with suspected cellular or antibody-mediated rejection, with findings confirmed and quantified by endomyocardial biopsy. For identifying chronic rejection, ultrasound has a more significant role and, in some specific patients (e.g., patients with renal failure), it may offer a role comparable to coronary angiography to identify cardiac allograft vasculopathy. This review highlights the usefulness of echocardiography in evaluating normal graft function and its role in the management of heart transplant recipients.
经胸超声心动图是心脏移植受者检查的主要非侵入性方法。它是一种多功能工具，可提供有关心脏结构和功能的全面信息。超声心动图在诊断原发性移植功能障碍和评估针对这种情况的治疗方法的有效性方面也很有帮助。在急性排斥反应中，超声心动图对于疑似细胞或抗体介导的排斥反应很有用，其结果可通过心内膜心肌活检得到证实和量化。对于识别慢性排斥反应，超声发挥着更重要的作用，在一些特定患者（如肾衰竭患者）中，它在识别心脏移植血管病变方面可能具有与冠状动脉造影相当的作用。本综述强调了超声心动图在评估正常移植功能方面的有用性及其在心脏移植受者管理中的作用。
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