Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.
The Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Cells. 2021 Dec 13;10(12):3516. doi: 10.3390/cells10123516.
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate cancer progression is pivotal for the development of new therapies. Although p53 is mutated in half of human cancers, its family member p73 is not. At the same time, isoforms of p73 are often overexpressed in cancers and p73 can overtake many p53 functions to kill abnormal cells. According to the latest studies, while p73 represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, it can also promote tumour growth by modulating crosstalk between cancer and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, M2 macrophage polarisation, Th2 T-cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. Thus, p73 likely plays a dual role as a tumor suppressor by regulating apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress or as an oncoprotein by promoting the immunosuppressive environment and immune cell differentiation.
了解调控癌症进展的机制对于开发新的治疗方法至关重要。尽管 p53 在一半的人类癌症中发生突变,但它的家族成员 p73 却没有。与此同时,p73 的异构体在癌症中常常过表达,并且 p73 可以取代许多 p53 功能来杀死异常细胞。根据最新研究,p73 可以抑制上皮-间充质转化和转移,同时通过调节肿瘤微环境中癌细胞与免疫细胞之间的串扰、M2 巨噬细胞极化、Th2 T 细胞分化和血管生成,促进肿瘤生长。因此,p73 可能通过响应遗传毒性应激调节细胞凋亡发挥肿瘤抑制因子的双重作用,或者通过促进免疫抑制环境和免疫细胞分化发挥癌蛋白的双重作用。