Campos J, Garcia-Tornel S
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1987 Mar;19(3):297-301. doi: 10.1093/jac/19.3.297.
Eighty-three isolates of ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistant Haemophilus influenzae were tested for susceptibility to fifteen antibiotics by the agar dilution method. Fifty-four were from paediatric patients with H. influenzae disease and 29 from nasopharyngeal carriers (pre-school children). Twenty-five strains belonged to serotype b, one to serotype a, one to serotype c and the rest were non-typable. All strains produced beta-lactamase and inactivated chloramphenicol in a rapid bioassay, suggesting the production of chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase. The most active drugs were ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, latamoxef, aztreonam and desacetyl-cefotaxime (MIC90: 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.25 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively). Cefuroxime, rifampicin and imipenem (MIC90 1 mg/l), and the combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (MIC90 2:1 mg/l), also showed good activity. Cefaclor, erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and cotrimoxazole were the least active of the drugs studied. The excellent in-vitro activity of the new beta-lactam agents against H. influenzae resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol offers a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of serious infections caused by these micro-organisms.
采用琼脂稀释法对83株氨苄西林和氯霉素耐药的流感嗜血杆菌进行了15种抗生素的敏感性测试。其中54株来自患有流感嗜血杆菌病的儿科患者，29株来自鼻咽携带者（学龄前儿童）。25株属于b型血清型，1株属于a型血清型，1株属于c型血清型，其余为不可分型。所有菌株均产生β-内酰胺酶，并在快速生物测定中使氯霉素失活，提示产生了氯霉素乙酰转移酶。活性最强的药物是头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、拉氧头孢、氨曲南和去乙酰头孢噻肟（MIC90分别为0.03、0.06、0.12、0.25和0.25mg/L）。头孢呋辛、利福平、亚胺培南（MIC90为1mg/L）以及阿莫西林和克拉维酸的组合（MIC90为2:1mg/L）也显示出良好的活性。头孢克洛、红霉素、四环素、甲氧苄啶、磺胺甲恶唑和复方新诺明是所研究药物中活性最低的。新型β-内酰胺类药物对氨苄西林和氯霉素耐药的流感嗜血杆菌具有优异的体外活性，为治疗由这些微生物引起的严重感染提供了一种治疗选择。
