Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 12;22(24):13344. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413344.
Neurotrauma assumes an instant or delayed disconnection of axons (axotomy), which affects not only neurons, but surrounding glia as well. Not only mechanically injured glia near the site of disconnection, especially transection, is subjected to the damage, but also glia that is remote from the lesion site. Glial cells, which surround the neuronal body, in turn, support neuron survival, so there is a mutual protection between neuron and glia. Calcium signaling is a central mediator of all post-axotomy events, both in neuron and glia, playing a critical role in their survival/regeneration or death/degeneration. The involvement of calcium in post-axotomy survival of the remote, mechanically intact glia is poorly studied. The purpose of this review is to sum up the calcium-involving mechanisms in responses of neurons and glial cells to axotomy to show their importance and to give some suggestions for future research of remote glia in this context.
神经创伤假设轴突（轴突切断）的即时或延迟断开，这不仅影响神经元，还影响周围的神经胶质细胞。不仅在断开部位附近，特别是在横断部位，机械损伤的胶质细胞受到损伤，而且远离病变部位的胶质细胞也受到损伤。包围神经元体的神经胶质细胞反过来支持神经元的存活，因此神经元和神经胶质细胞之间存在相互保护。钙信号是所有轴突切断后事件的中央介质，无论是在神经元还是神经胶质细胞中，在它们的存活/再生或死亡/退化中都起着关键作用。钙在机械完整的远程胶质细胞的轴突切断后存活中的参与研究甚少。本综述的目的是总结神经元和神经胶质细胞对轴突切断的钙参与反应的机制，以显示其重要性，并为今后在这方面对远程神经胶质细胞的研究提供一些建议。
