Šimonovičová Alexandra, Takáčová Alžbeta, Šimkovic Ivan, Nosalj Sanja
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Dec 7;12:792987. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.792987. eCollection 2021.
Despite the negative impact on the environment, incineration is one of the most commonly used methods for dealing with waste. Besides emissions, the production of ash, which usually shows several negative properties, such as a higher content of hazardous elements or strongly alkaline pH, is problematic from an environmental viewpoint as well. The subject of our paper was the assessment of biosorption of Ni from ash material by a microbial consortium of sp. and . The solid substrate represented a fraction of particles of size <0.63 mm with a Ni content of 417 mg kg. We used a biomass consisting of two different organisms as the sorbent: a non-living algae culture of sp. (an autotrophic organism) and the microscopic filamentous fungus (a heterotrophic organism) in the form of pellets. The experiments were conducted under static conditions as well as with the use of shaker (170 rpm) with different modifications: solid substrate, sp. and pellets of ; solid substrate and pellets of . The humidity-temperature conditions were also changed. Sorption took place under dry and also wet conditions (with distilled water in a volume of 30-50 ml), partially under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25°C as well as in the exterior. The determination of the Ni content was done using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The removal of Ni ranged from 13.61% efficiency ( sp., with the addition of 30 ml of distilled water, outdoors under static conditions after 48 h of the experiment) to 46.28% ( sp., with the addition of 30 ml of distilled water, on a shaker under laboratory conditions after 48 h of the experiment). For the purpose of analyzing the representation of functional groups in the microbial biomass and studying their interaction with the ash material, we used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We observed that the amount of Ni adsorbed positively correlates with absorbance in the spectral bands where we detect the vibrations of several organic functional groups. These groups include hydroxyl, aliphatic, carbonyl, carboxyl and amide structural units. The observed correlations indicate that, aside from polar and negatively charged groups, aliphatic or aromatic structures may also be involved in sorption processes due to electrostatic attraction. The correlation between absorbance and the Ni content reached a maximum in amide II band ( = 0.9; < 0.001), where vibrations of the C=O, C-N, and N-H groups are detected. The presented results suggest that the simultaneous use of both microorganisms in biosorption represents an effective method for reducing Ni content in a solid substrate, which may be useful as a partial process for waste disposal.
尽管焚烧对环境有负面影响，但它仍是处理废物最常用的方法之一。除了排放物外，焚烧产生的灰分通常也有几个负面特性，如有害元素含量较高或pH值呈强碱性，从环境角度来看这也是个问题。我们论文的主题是评估由sp.和.组成的微生物联合体对灰分材料中镍的生物吸附。固体基质代表粒径<0.63毫米、镍含量为417毫克/千克的颗粒部分。我们使用由两种不同生物体组成的生物质作为吸附剂：sp.的非活性藻类培养物（一种自养生物）和呈颗粒状的微小丝状真菌（一种异养生物）。实验在静态条件下以及使用振荡器（170转/分钟）并进行不同改进的情况下进行：固体基质、sp.和的颗粒；固体基质和的颗粒。湿度 - 温度条件也有所变化。吸附在干燥和潮湿条件下（加入30 - 50毫升蒸馏水）进行，部分在实验室25°C温度条件下以及室外进行。镍含量的测定使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）。镍的去除效率范围从13.61%（sp.，加入30毫升蒸馏水，实验48小时后在室外静态条件下）到46.28%（sp.，加入30毫升蒸馏水，实验48小时后在实验室条件下振荡器上）。为了分析微生物生物质中官能团的表现并研究它们与灰分材料的相互作用，我们使用了傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱。我们观察到吸附的镍量与我们检测到几个有机官能团振动的光谱带中的吸光度呈正相关。这些基团包括羟基、脂肪族、羰基、羧基和酰胺结构单元。观察到的相关性表明，除了极性和带负电荷的基团外，脂肪族或芳香族结构也可能由于静电吸引而参与吸附过程。吸光度与镍含量之间的相关性在酰胺II带中达到最大值（= 0.9；< 0.001），在该波段检测到C = O、C - N和N - H基团的振动。所呈现的结果表明，在生物吸附中同时使用这两种微生物是降低固体基质中镍含量的有效方法，这可能作为废物处理的一个部分过程是有用的。
