J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2022;37(6):570-580. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000880. Epub 2021 Dec 28.
Dietary salt restriction is recommended by many guidelines for patients with heart failure (HF). Quality of life (QoL) is an important end point of this intervention. However, the literature is still limited regarding the effect of dietary salt restriction on QoL in patients with HF.
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of dietary sodium restriction on QoL in patients with HF.
We searched PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health from the establishment of each database to December 20, 2020. We included randomized controlled trials with sodium restriction as an intervention. The primary outcome was QoL, and the secondary outcomes were mortality, readmission, and fatigue. We obtained the full text of potentially relevant trials, extracted data from the included trials, assessed their risk of bias, and performed a meta-analysis.
We included 10 trials (1011 participants with HF) with 7 days to 83 months of follow-up. Dietary sodium restriction did not improve QoL over the long term (>30 days) ( P = .61). The pooled effects showed that this intervention might increase mortality risk ( P < .00001). It did not reduce the readmission rate within the short term (≤30 days) ( P = .78) but increased the readmission rate over the long term ( P = .0003).
Our study did not show that interventions to restrict dietary sodium had a positive effect on patients with HF in terms of QoL, mortality, or readmission.
许多指南建议心力衰竭（HF）患者限制盐的摄入。生活质量（QoL）是这种干预的一个重要终点。然而，关于饮食盐限制对 HF 患者 QoL 的影响，文献仍然有限。
我们对随机对照试验进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以评估饮食钠限制对 HF 患者生活质量的影响。
我们检索了 PubMed（MEDLINE）、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库（CENTRAL）、EMBASE 和从每个数据库建立到 2020 年 12 月 20 日的 Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health。我们纳入了以钠限制为干预措施的随机对照试验。主要结局是生活质量，次要结局是死亡率、再入院率和疲劳。我们获取了潜在相关试验的全文，从纳入的试验中提取数据，评估了它们的偏倚风险，并进行了荟萃分析。
我们纳入了 10 项试验（1011 例 HF 患者），随访时间为 7 天至 83 个月。饮食钠限制在长期（>30 天）内并未改善生活质量（P=.61）。汇总效应表明，这种干预可能会增加死亡率风险（P <.00001）。它在短期内（≤30 天）并没有降低再入院率（P=.78），但在长期内（P=.0003）增加了再入院率。
我们的研究表明，限制饮食钠的干预措施对 HF 患者的生活质量、死亡率或再入院率没有积极影响。
