小儿发育过程中吞咽神经生理学的进展：当前证据与见解
Advances in Swallowing Neurophysiology across Pediatric Development: Current Evidence and Insights.
作者信息
Malandraki Georgia A, Arkenberg Rachel Hahn
机构信息
Purdue University, Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.
Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.
出版信息
Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep. 2021 Dec;9(4):267-276. doi: 10.1007/s40141-021-00334-3. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review article analyzes current evidence on the neurophysiology of swallowing during development and offers expert opinion on clinical implications and future research directions.
RECENT FINDINGS
In the past five years, basic and clinical research has offered advances in our understanding of pediatric swallowing neurophysiology. Animal models have elucidated the role of brainstem circuits and the peripheral and central nervous system in neonatal swallowing. Recent human studies have further showcased that fetal and infant swallowing require cerebral inputs in order to develop functionally. Finally, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies are starting to better define these cerebral inputs, as well as neuroplastic adaptations that may be needed for optimal feeding development.
SUMMARY
The neural development of swallowing is a complex and dynamic process. Continued research is needed to better understand influences on swallowing neural development, which can be essential for improving prevention, diagnosis, and interventions for pediatric dysphagia.
综述目的
本文分析了目前关于发育过程中吞咽神经生理学的证据，并就其临床意义和未来研究方向提供专家意见。
最新发现
在过去五年中，基础和临床研究在我们对儿童吞咽神经生理学的理解方面取得了进展。动物模型阐明了脑干回路以及外周和中枢神经系统在新生儿吞咽中的作用。最近的人体研究进一步表明，胎儿和婴儿的吞咽需要大脑输入才能实现功能发育。最后，神经生理学和神经影像学研究开始更好地定义这些大脑输入，以及最佳喂养发育可能需要的神经可塑性适应。
总结
吞咽的神经发育是一个复杂而动态的过程。需要持续研究以更好地理解对吞咽神经发育的影响，这对于改善儿童吞咽困难的预防、诊断和干预至关重要。
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