Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
Anal Chem. 2022 Feb 1;94(4):2007-2015. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03635. Epub 2021 Dec 27.
Gel electrophoresis (GE) is one of the most general tools in biomedicine. However, it suffers from low resolution, and its mechanism has not been fully revealed yet. Herein, we presented the dispersion model of () ∝ , showing the band dispersion () via temperature () and running time () control. Second, we designed an efficient GE chip via the time control and rapid Joule heat self-dissipation by thermal conductive plastic (TCP) and electrode buffer. Third, we conducted the simulations on TCP and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) chips, unveiling that (i) the temperature of TCP was lower than the PMMA one, (ii) the temperature uniformity of TCP was better than the PMMA one, and (iii) the resolution of TCP was superior to the PMMA one. Fourth, we designed both TCP and PMMA chips for experimentally validating the dispersion model, TCP chip, and simulations. Finally, we applied the TCP chip to thalassemia and model urine protein assays. The TCP chip has merits of high resolution, rapid run of 6-10 min, and low cost. This work paves the way for greatly improving electrophoretic techniques in gel, chip, and capillary via temperature and time control for biologic study, biopharma quality control, clinical diagnosis, and so on.
凝胶电泳（GE）是生物医学中最常用的工具之一。然而，它的分辨率较低，其机制尚未完全揭示。在此，我们提出了（）∝的弥散模型，通过温度（）和运行时间（）控制显示带弥散（）。其次，我们通过热导塑料（TCP）和电极缓冲液的时间控制和快速焦耳热自耗散设计了一种高效的 GE 芯片。第三，我们对 TCP 和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）芯片进行了模拟，揭示了（i）TCP 的温度低于 PMMA 的温度，（ii）TCP 的温度均匀性优于 PMMA 的温度，以及（iii）TCP 的分辨率优于 PMMA 的分辨率。第四，我们设计了 TCP 和 PMMA 两种芯片来实验验证弥散模型、TCP 芯片和模拟。最后，我们将 TCP 芯片应用于地中海贫血和模型尿液蛋白分析。TCP 芯片具有分辨率高、运行时间 6-10 分钟、成本低的优点。这项工作为通过温度和时间控制来极大地改进凝胶、芯片和毛细管中的电泳技术铺平了道路，可用于生物学研究、生物制药质量控制、临床诊断等领域。
