Cottrell L S
Psychiatry. 1978 May;41(2):151-63.
HOW DO YOU create a new self? However he may phrase this question, it is a central theoretical and practical concern of the therapist every time he confronts a client who comes to him for help. What are the processes out of which the human self emerges? However he may phrase the question, it is a central concern of the social psychologist. The obvious convergence of interests indicated by these two questions should occasion no surprise among students of Sullivan and Mead. What perhaps should be surprising is that an effective synthesis of their theories has progressed no further than it has to date. My remarks today are based on the conviction that a more adequate psychiatric theory and practice and a more complete social psychological theory and research program depend on such a synthesis. Behavioral scientists concerned with the development of a truly interactionist social psychology are, I believe, generally agreed that George Herbert Mead (1863-1931), philosopher and social psychologist, and Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949), psychiatrist and social psychologist, have laid conceptual foundations upon which such a discipline can be erected. Now a vast assortment of activities is tagged as social psychology and its boundaries are, indeed, difficult to draw. However, for our present purposes we can define its focus as the study of the processes and products of inter- and intrapersonal and inter- and intragoup interaction, let the boundaries fall where they will.
如何塑造一个全新的自我？无论他如何表述这个问题，每当治疗师面对前来寻求帮助的来访者时，这都是一个核心的理论与实践关注点。人类的自我是从哪些过程中产生的？无论他如何表述这个问题，这都是社会心理学家的核心关注点。这两个问题所表明的明显的兴趣趋同，对于研究沙利文和米德的学者来说不应感到惊讶。或许令人惊讶的是，对他们理论的有效整合至今没有取得更大的进展。我今天的发言基于这样一种信念，即更完善的精神病学理论与实践以及更完整的社会心理学理论与研究项目都依赖于这样一种整合。我认为，关注真正互动主义社会心理学发展的行为科学家普遍认为，哲学家兼社会心理学家乔治·赫伯特·米德（1863 - 1931）以及精神病学家兼社会心理学家哈里·斯塔克·沙利文（1892 - 1949）奠定了构建这样一门学科的概念基础。如今，各种各样的活动都被贴上了社会心理学的标签，其边界确实难以界定。然而，就我们目前的目的而言，我们可以将其重点定义为对人际间、人际内以及群体间和群体内互动的过程与产物的研究，至于边界如何划定就顺其自然了。
