Navarro Josefa M, Botía Pablo, Romero Pascual
Irrigation and Stress Physiology Group, Murcia Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Development, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 25;10(12):2585. doi: 10.3390/plants10122585.
Monastrell grapevines grafted on the rootstocks 140Ru, 1103P, 41B, 110R, and 161-49C were subjected to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root-zone irrigation (PRI). We analyzed the effects of the rootstock and irrigation method on the phenolic concentration in different berry tissues, its dilution/concentration due to the berry size, the anatomical and morphological traits of berries related to the phenolic compounds concentration, and the relationships of all these parameters with the final berry and wine phenolic content. The rootstock had an important effect on the accumulation of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in the skin (berries from 110R and 140Ru had the highest values). Moreover, the rootstock modified some anatomical and morphological characteristics that had a direct relationship with the final phenolic compounds concentration in the must. Large grapes and high must percentages (110R and 140Ru) produced a dilution effect, whereas small berries and a low must percentage increased the concentration (161-49C). For 110R, the small size of the cells of the epidermis and hypodermis in the grapes also could have contributed to the high phenolic compounds concentration in the skin. The percentage of cells in the skin with a uniform coloration was positively correlated with its total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins concentration and also with the phenolic quality of the wine. The PRI modified some specific morphological/anatomical skin/berry traits, and these may have contributed to important changes in the final concentration of phenolic compounds, depending on the rootstock. The better phenolic quality of the must and wines observed in some rootstocks under PRI could be due to smaller cells in the epidermis and hypodermis of the skin (161-49C), a higher percentage of cells with a uniform coloration in the hypodermis (110R), or a lower number of seeds per berry (161-49C). In contrast, the lower phenolic compounds concentration in the must of grapes observed in the most vigorous rootstocks under PRI could be due to a greater thickness of the epidermis (140Ru), greater cuticle thickness (41B), a higher number of seeds (140Ru), a lower skin/pulp ratio and percentage of skin (140Ru), a greater percentage of cells in the epidermis without coloration or with large inclusions, and a lower percentage of cells with a uniform coloration in the epidermis (140Ru). The final quality of the grape is related to some changes in histological and morphological aspects of the grape produced by the rootstock and irrigation strategy.
将莫纳斯特雷尔葡萄藤嫁接到砧木140Ru、1103P、41B、110R和161 - 49C上，并进行调亏灌溉（RDI）和部分根区灌溉（PRI）。我们分析了砧木和灌溉方法对不同浆果组织中酚类物质浓度的影响，因浆果大小导致的酚类物质稀释/浓缩情况，与酚类化合物浓度相关的浆果解剖学和形态学特征，以及所有这些参数与最终浆果和葡萄酒酚类物质含量的关系。砧木对果皮中总酚类化合物和花青素的积累有重要影响（来自110R和140Ru的浆果含量最高）。此外，砧木改变了一些与葡萄汁中最终酚类化合物浓度直接相关的解剖学和形态学特征。大葡萄和高葡萄汁比例（110R和140Ru）产生稀释效应，而小浆果和低葡萄汁比例则增加了浓度（161 - 49C）。对于110R，葡萄表皮和皮下组织细胞较小也可能导致了果皮中酚类化合物浓度较高。果皮中颜色均匀的细胞百分比与其总酚类化合物和花青素浓度以及葡萄酒的酚类品质呈正相关。PRI改变了一些特定的形态学/解剖学果皮/浆果特征，并且根据砧木的不同，这些特征可能导致了酚类化合物最终浓度的重要变化。在PRI条件下，在一些砧木上观察到的葡萄汁和葡萄酒更好的酚类品质可能归因于果皮表皮和皮下组织中细胞较小（161 - 49C）、皮下组织中颜色均匀的细胞百分比更高（110R）或每个浆果种子数量更少（161 - 49C）。相反，在PRI条件下，在生长最旺盛的砧木上观察到的葡萄汁中酚类化合物浓度较低，可能是由于表皮更厚（140Ru）、角质层更厚（41B）、种子数量更多（140Ru）、皮/肉比和果皮百分比更低（140Ru）、表皮中无色或有大内含物的细胞百分比更高，以及表皮中颜色均匀的细胞百分比更低（140Ru）。葡萄的最终品质与砧木和灌溉策略引起的葡萄组织学和形态学方面的一些变化有关。
