Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Psychopathology. 2022;55(1):49-61. doi: 10.1159/000520984. Epub 2021 Dec 28.
The mirror-gazing task (MGT) is an experimental paradigm inducing anomalous perceptions and anomalous experiences of self-face (ASEs) in the general population, ranging from changes in light and color, to face deformation, to experiencing one's specular image as another identity. Subclinical ASEs have been related to the emergence of the risk for developing psychotic disorders, and inducing such states in the general population could shed light on the factors underlying interindividual differences in proneness to these phenomena. We aimed to examine the influence of schizotypal personality traits on proneness to experiencing induced ASEs from a developmental perspective, from childhood to adulthood.
Two hundred and sixteen children, adolescents, and young adults participated in the MGT, and their schizotypal personality traits were assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Statistical analyses assessed the relationship between schizotypy dimensions and induced ASEs, and we further tested their dynamic relationship as function of age (from childhood to adulthood).
Results confirmed the developmental trajectory of the different schizotypy dimensions, with scores peaking during adolescence, and proneness to induced ASEs seemed to follow a similar developmental trajectory. Moreover, positive (p = 0.001) and disorganized (p = 0.004) dimensions were found to contribute to the proneness to experiencing induced ASEs. Finally, the developmental model showed that positive schizotypy (p = 0.035) uniquely distinguished between experiencing other-identity phenomena between childhood and adulthood.
This study has the potential to inform research on early detection of psychosis through a developmental approach and links the concept of schizotypy with processes of perceptual self-distortions.
镜像注视任务（MGT）是一种实验范式，可在普通人群中引起异常的自我面孔感知和异常自我体验（ASEs），范围从光和颜色的变化到面部变形，再到将自己的镜面像体验为另一个身份。亚临床 ASEs 与发展为精神病障碍的风险增加有关，在普通人群中诱导这种状态可以揭示导致个体易感性差异的因素。我们旨在从发展的角度，即从儿童期到成年期，研究精神分裂型人格特质对易发生诱导 ASEs 的倾向的影响。
216 名儿童、青少年和年轻人参加了 MGT，他们的精神分裂型人格特质用精神分裂型人格问卷进行评估。统计分析评估了精神分裂型特质维度与诱导 ASEs 之间的关系，我们进一步测试了它们作为年龄（从儿童期到成年期）的函数的动态关系。
结果证实了不同精神分裂型特质维度的发展轨迹，分数在青春期达到峰值，并且诱导 ASEs 的倾向似乎遵循类似的发展轨迹。此外，正性（p = 0.001）和紊乱（p = 0.004）维度被发现有助于易感性体验诱导 ASEs。最后，发展模型表明，正性精神分裂型特质（p = 0.035）在儿童期和成年期之间独特地区分了体验其他身份的现象。
本研究通过发展的方法为通过发展方法进行精神病早期检测的研究提供了潜力，并将精神分裂型的概念与感知自我扭曲的过程联系起来。
