Mondal Amal Chandra
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2023;22(3):404-416. doi: 10.2174/1871527321666211228100955.
Neurodegenerative diseases, being rapidly increasing disorders and the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, have been a great challenge for researchers, affecting cognition, motor activity and other body functioning due to neurodegeneration. Several neurodegenerative diseases are caused by aggregation of proteins which induce the alteration of neuronal function leading to cell death. These proteins are amyloid-β peptide, tau, α-synuclein, and mHTT, which cause Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Corticobasal degeneration, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson's disease, Multiple system atrophy, Dementia with Lewy-body and Huntington's disease. Currently available treatments only reduce symptoms and increase life sustainability; however, they possess side effects and are ineffective in curing the diseases.
Literature survey of neurodegenerative diseases and immunotherapeutic approaches is used to evaluate their pharmacological effects and future endeavours.
A literature search was performed to find the relevant articles related to neurodegenerative diseases and immunotherapies. Clinical trials data were analysed from clinicaltrial.com.
According to the literature study, it was found that researchers have explored the effect of active and passive vaccines generated against amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein and mHTT. Few clinical trials have shown severe side effects and terminated, despite that, few of them produced desirable effects for the treatment of AD and PD.
Several immunotherapeutic trials have shown promising outcomes against amyloid-β, tau and α-synuclein. In addition, various preclinical studies against mHTT and prion proteins are under scrutinization. These clinical outcomes indicate a promising role of immunotherapies against neurodegenerative diseases.
神经退行性疾病是迅速增加的疾病，也是全球第七大死因，一直是研究人员面临的巨大挑战，由于神经退行性变，会影响认知、运动活动和身体其他功能。几种神经退行性疾病是由蛋白质聚集引起的，这些蛋白质会导致神经元功能改变，进而导致细胞死亡。这些蛋白质包括淀粉样β肽、tau蛋白、α-突触核蛋白和突变型亨廷顿蛋白，它们分别导致阿尔茨海默病、额颞叶痴呆、皮质基底节变性、进行性核上性麻痹、帕金森病、多系统萎缩、路易体痴呆和亨廷顿病。目前可用的治疗方法只能减轻症状并提高生活可持续性；然而，它们有副作用，且对治愈疾病无效。
对神经退行性疾病和免疫治疗方法进行文献综述，以评估其药理作用和未来的研究方向。
进行文献检索，以查找与神经退行性疾病和免疫治疗相关的文章。从clinicaltrial.com分析临床试验数据。
根据文献研究，发现研究人员已经探索了针对淀粉样β肽、tau蛋白、α-突触核蛋白和突变型亨廷顿蛋白产生的主动和被动疫苗的效果。尽管有少数临床试验显示出严重的副作用并已终止，但仍有一些试验对阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的治疗产生了理想的效果。
几项免疫治疗试验对淀粉样β肽、tau蛋白和α-突触核蛋白显示出了有前景的结果。此外，针对突变型亨廷顿蛋白和朊病毒蛋白的各种临床前研究正在审查中。这些临床结果表明免疫疗法在神经退行性疾病治疗中具有广阔前景。
