Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2022 Mar;113:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.05.040. Epub 2021 Jun 13.
Although disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have been suggested as a cancer causing factor, the causative compounds have not yet been clarified. In this study, we used liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) to identify the unknown disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water produced from Taihu Lake source water, which is known as a convergence point for the anthropogenic pollutants discharged from intensive industrial activities in the surrounding regions. In total, 91 formulas of DBPs were discovered through LC-QTOF MS nontarget screen, 81 of which have not yet been reported. Among the 91 molecules, 56 only contain bromine, 15 only contain chlorine and 20 DBPs have both bromine and chlorine atoms. Finally, five DBPs including 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 2,6-dibromo-4-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichloro-4-bromophenol, 4-bromo-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 3,6-dibromocarbazole were confirmed using standards. The former three compounds mainly formed in the predisinfection step (maximum concentration, 0.2-2.6 µg/L), while the latter two formed in the disinfection step (maximum concentration, 18.2-33.6 ng/L). In addition, 19 possible precursors of the discovered DBPs were detected, with the aromatic compounds being a major group. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol as the precursor of 4-bromo-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol was confirmed with standard, with a concentration of 20.3 µg/L in raw water. The results of this study show that brominated DBPs which are possibly formed from industrial pollutants are relevant DBP species in drinking water produced form Taihu source water, suggesting protection of Taihu Lake source water is important to control the DBP risks.
尽管饮用水中的消毒副产物（DBPs）已被认为是致癌因素，但致病化合物尚未明确。在这项研究中，我们使用液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（LC-QTOF MS）来鉴定来自太湖水源水的未知饮用水消毒副产物（DBPs），太湖是周边地区密集工业活动排放的人为污染物的汇集点。通过 LC-QTOF MS 非靶向筛选，共发现 91 种 DBPs 配方，其中 81 种尚未有报道。在这 91 个分子中，只有 56 个只含有溴，只有 15 个只含有氯，20 个 DBPs 同时含有溴和氯原子。最后，使用标准品确认了包括 2,4,6-三溴苯酚、2,6-二溴-4-氯苯酚、2,6-二氯-4-溴苯酚、4-溴-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚和 3,6-二溴咔唑在内的 5 种 DBPs。前三种化合物主要在前消毒步骤中形成（最大浓度为 0.2-2.6 µg/L），而后两种化合物在消毒步骤中形成（最大浓度为 18.2-33.6 ng/L）。此外，还检测到所发现的 DBPs 的 19 种可能前体，其中芳香族化合物是主要群体。用标准品确认 2,6-二叔丁基苯酚是 4-溴-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚的前体，原水中浓度为 20.3 µg/L。本研究结果表明，可能由工业污染物形成的溴代 DBPs 是来自太湖水源的饮用水中相关的 DBP 种类，这表明保护太湖水源对于控制 DBP 风险非常重要。
