Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 20;813:152612. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152612. Epub 2021 Dec 25.
Research on temperature and respiratory hospitalizations is lacking in the southeastern U.S. where cold weather is relatively rare. This retrospective study examined the association between cold waves and pneumonia and influenza (P&I) emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in three metro-Atlanta hospitals.
We used a case-crossover design, restricting data to the cooler seasons of 2009-2019, to determine whether cold waves influenced ED visits and hospitalizations. This analysis considered effects by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and severity of comorbidities. We used generalized additive models and distributed lag non-linear models to examine these relationships over a 21-day lag period.
The odds of a P&I ED visit approximately one week after a cold wave were increased by as much as 11%, and odds of an ED visit resulting in hospitalization increased by 8%. For ED visits on days with minimum temperatures >20 °C, there was an increase of 10-15% in relative risk (RR) for short lags (0-2 days), and a slight decrease in RR (0-5%) one week later. For minimum temperatures <0 °C, RR decreased at short lags (5-10%) before increasing (1-5%) one week later. Hospital admissions exhibited a similar, but muted, pattern.
Unusually cold weather influenced P&I ED visits and admissions in this population.
在美国东南部，寒冷天气相对较少，因此针对气温与呼吸科住院情况的研究较为匮乏。本回顾性研究调查了佐治亚州亚特兰大市的三家医院中，寒冷天气对肺炎和流感（P&I）急诊就诊和住院的影响。
我们采用病例交叉设计，将数据限制在 2009-2019 年较凉爽的季节，以确定寒冷天气是否会影响急诊就诊和住院。该分析考虑了种族/民族、年龄、性别和合并症严重程度的影响。我们使用广义加性模型和分布滞后非线性模型，在 21 天的滞后期内检验这些关系。
寒冷天气后大约一周，P&I 急诊就诊的可能性增加了 11%左右，急诊就诊导致住院的可能性增加了 8%。对于最低温度 >20°C 的日子的急诊就诊，短滞后（0-2 天）的相对风险（RR）增加了 10-15%，一周后 RR 略有下降（0-5%）。对于最低温度 <0°C 的日子，RR 在短滞后（5-10%）时下降，一周后再次增加（1-5%）。住院入院情况呈现出类似但幅度较小的模式。
异常寒冷的天气影响了该人群的 P&I 急诊就诊和入院情况。
