Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Health & Society Group, Social Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2021 Dec 29;16(12):e0261749. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261749. eCollection 2021.
There is increasing interest in the effect that food environments may have on obesity, particularly through mechanisms related to the marketing and consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and sugary beverages. Price promotions, such as temporary price discounts, have been particularly effective in the marketing of carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) among consumers. Research has also suggested that the purchasing behavior of consumer groups may be differentially sensitive to price discounts on CSDs, with obese women particularly sensitive. In addition, the intensity of price discount in a person's food environment may also vary across geography and over time. This study examines whether the weight change of obese women, compared to overweight or normal BMI women, is more sensitive to the intensity of price discounts on CSDs in the food environment. This study used longitudinal survey data from 1622 women in the Montreal Neighborhood Networks and Health Aging (MoNNET-HA) Panel. Women were asked to report their height and weight in 2008, 2010 and 2013 in order to calculate women's BMI in 2008 and their change of weight between 2008 and 2013. Women's exposure to an unhealthy food environment was based on the frequency in which their neighborhood food stores placed price discounts on CSDs in 2008. The price discount frequency on CSDs within women's neighborhoods was calculated from Nielsen point-of sales transaction data in 2008 and geocoded to participant's forward sortation area. The prevalence of obesity and overweight among MoNNET-HA female participants was 18.3% in 2008, 19.9% in 2010 and 20.7% in 2013 respectively. Results showed that among obese women, exposure to unhealthy food environments was associated with a 3.25 kilogram (SE = 1.35, p-value = 0.02) weight gain over the five-year study period. Exposure to price discounts on CSDs may disproportionately affect and reinforce weight gain in women who are already obese.
人们越来越关注食品环境可能对肥胖产生的影响，尤其是通过与营销和消费高热量、低营养食品以及含糖饮料相关的机制。价格促销，如临时降价，在碳酸软饮料（CSD）的消费者营销中特别有效。研究还表明，消费群体的购买行为可能对 CSD 价格折扣有不同程度的敏感性，肥胖女性尤其敏感。此外，一个人食品环境中的价格折扣强度也可能因地理位置和时间的不同而有所不同。本研究考察了肥胖女性的体重变化是否比超重或正常 BMI 女性对食品环境中 CSD 价格折扣的强度更为敏感。本研究使用了来自蒙特利尔邻里网络和健康老龄化（MoNNET-HA）小组的 1622 名女性的纵向调查数据。女性被要求在 2008 年、2010 年和 2013 年报告自己的身高和体重，以便计算女性 2008 年的 BMI 以及她们在 2008 年至 2013 年期间体重的变化。女性接触不健康的食品环境是基于其社区食品店在 2008 年对 CSD 实施价格折扣的频率。2008 年，通过 Nielsen 销售点交易数据计算女性社区内 CSD 的价格折扣频率，并将其地理编码到参与者的前向分类区。MoNNET-HA 女性参与者在 2008 年的肥胖和超重患病率分别为 18.3%、19.9%和 20.7%。结果表明，在肥胖女性中，接触不健康的食品环境与五年研究期间体重增加 3.25 公斤（SE=1.35，p 值=0.02）有关。接触 CSD 价格折扣可能会不成比例地影响和加剧已经肥胖的女性体重增加。
