Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
PLoS One. 2021 Dec 31;16(12):e0261787. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261787. eCollection 2021.
The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) is an example of a historic event involving nurses, with the participation of professional and volunteer nurses from Spain and other countries. In this context, nurses were trained over short periods of time and recruited to work at hospitals serving the two warring camps.
To identify the characteristics of the training received by volunteer nurses on both sides in the Spanish Civil War and compare it with previous experiences in the history.
Historical research.
Heuristic and hermeneutical analysis of nurse training manuals and news articles from 1936 to 1939. Spanish primary sources were consulted at the Red Cross Documentation Centre Archive in Madrid, the General Military Archive in Ávila, the Municipal Newspaper Archive in Madrid, and the archives of Spanish daily newspapers ABC and La Vanguardia. The following variables were analysed: duration, entry requirements, and theoretical content of the training courses. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) has been used.
Both sides in the conflict offered a varied training programme, which was supported by official institutions and private initiatives. The courses lasted between one week and two months. Entry requirements were influenced by education level, age, moral conduct, health status, and social and political background. Training content focused on the techniques needed in conflict settings and covered specific moral values.
Despite the different social and political characteristics of the two warring factions, the variety of training programmes on offer, the entry requirements, and the theoretical content of volunteer nurse training were similar on both sides. At the end of the Spanish Civil War, volunteer nurses on the Republican side suffered reprisals or had to go into exile. We now know that some countries involved in World War II provided training courses for volunteer nurses. It would therefore be interesting to ascertain whether Spanish volunteer nurses contributed their experience to these courses.
西班牙内战（1936-1939 年）是一场涉及护士的历史事件的范例，来自西班牙和其他国家的专业和志愿护士参与其中。在这种情况下，护士接受了短期培训，并被招募到为两个交战阵营服务的医院工作。
确定西班牙内战中双方志愿护士所接受的培训特点，并将其与历史上的以往经验进行比较。
历史研究。
对 1936 年至 1939 年期间的护士培训手册和新闻文章进行启发式和解释学分析。在马德里红十字会文献中心档案、阿维拉总军事档案馆、马德里市报档案馆以及西班牙日报《ABC》和《先锋报》的档案中查阅了西班牙的原始资料。分析了以下变量：培训课程的持续时间、入学要求和理论内容。使用了定性研究报告的统一标准（COREQ）。
冲突双方都提供了多样化的培训计划，这些计划得到了官方机构和私人倡议的支持。课程持续时间从一周到两个月不等。入学要求受到教育水平、年龄、道德品行、健康状况以及社会和政治背景的影响。培训内容侧重于冲突环境中所需的技术，并涵盖了特定的道德价值观。
尽管交战双方具有不同的社会和政治特征，但提供的志愿护士培训计划种类繁多，入学要求和理论内容在双方都相似。西班牙内战结束后，共和派的志愿护士遭受了报复或不得不流亡。我们现在知道，一些参与第二次世界大战的国家为志愿护士提供了培训课程。因此，了解西班牙志愿护士是否将其经验贡献给了这些课程将是很有趣的。
