Almalki Atiah H, Alzahrani Mohammad S, Alshehri Fahad S, Alharbi Adnan, Alkhudaydi Samirah F, Alshahrani Rawan S, Alzaidi Aseel H, Algarni Majed A, Alsaab Hashem O, Alatawi Yasser, Althobaiti Yusuf S, Bamaga Ahmed K, Alhifany Abdullah A
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 17;12:797545. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797545. eCollection 2021.
The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to healthcare workers worldwide. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia, and to identify the factors associated with these psychological disorders. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from January 21 to March 2, 2021. Physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare workers from different parts of Saudi Arabia were recruited through snowball sampling. Psychological outcomes were measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Pearson's chi-square test was used to explore the bivariate association between diverse characteristics and each outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 501 healthcare workers completed the survey, of whom 60% were female and nearly half were pharmacists. The majority (76.25%) of respondents reported that a family member, friend, or colleague had contracted COVID-19, and more than one-third (36%) knew someone who died due to COVID-19. Overall, the estimated prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 54.69, 60.88, and 41.92%, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that healthcare workers with chronic diseases, nurses, and healthcare workers from the southern region were more likely to suffer from depression and stress. Further, individuals with positive COVID-19 test results showed a greater proportion of depressive symptoms compared to others. In addition, knowing someone who died due to COVID-19 and having a chronic illness were predisposing factors for anxiety. After more than a year, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress remains substantial among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. The findings can help guide efforts to mitigate the psychological impact of the pandemic.
新冠疫情给全球医护人员带来了前所未有的挑战。本研究旨在估算沙特阿拉伯医护人员中抑郁、焦虑和压力的患病率，并确定与这些心理障碍相关的因素。2021年1月21日至3月2日进行了一项基于问卷调查的横断面研究。通过滚雪球抽样的方式招募了来自沙特阿拉伯不同地区的医生、药剂师、护士及其他医护人员。使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS - 21）来测量心理状况。采用Pearson卡方检验来探讨不同特征与各结果之间的双变量关联。进行多因素逻辑回归分析以确定与抑郁、焦虑和压力相关的因素。共有501名医护人员完成了调查，其中60%为女性，近一半为药剂师。大多数（76.25%）受访者表示家庭成员、朋友或同事感染了新冠病毒，超过三分之一（36%）的人认识因新冠病毒死亡的人。总体而言，抑郁、焦虑和压力的估计患病率分别为54.69%、60.88%和41.92%。多变量分析显示，患有慢性病的医护人员、护士以及来自南部地区的医护人员更易患抑郁和压力。此外，新冠病毒检测呈阳性的个体相比其他人出现抑郁症状的比例更高。另外，认识因新冠病毒死亡的人以及患有慢性病是焦虑的诱发因素。一年多后，沙特阿拉伯医护人员中抑郁、焦虑和压力的患病率仍然很高。这些研究结果有助于指导减轻疫情心理影响的工作。
