采用当代疗法治疗 FMS 样酪氨酸激酶 3 内部串联重复突变急性髓系白血病的新诊断患者的结局改善:重新审视欧洲白血病网络不良风险分类。

Improved outcomes among newly diagnosed patients with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication mutated acute myeloid leukemia treated with contemporary therapy: Revisiting the European LeukemiaNet adverse risk classification.

机构信息

Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

出版信息

Am J Hematol. 2022 Mar 1;97(3):329-337. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26451. Epub 2022 Jan 8.

Abstract

Mutations in fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene are common genomic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations (FLT3-ITD) have consistently been shown to be adversely prognostic, particularly those with high allelic ratio (AR). Current AML treatment strategies, including high dose cytarabine, purine analogs, FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i), and with or without allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) have been shown to improve the outcomes in patients with FLT3 mutations. We analyzed a consecutive cohort of newly diagnosed patients with AML treated at a large academic medical center from January 2012 to January 2020. A total of 1576 patients with a new diagnosis of AML were reviewed. Among these, 1438 (91%) had molecular testing for FLT3 mutations and 21% (304/1438) had an FLT3 mutation, including 17% with an FLT3-ITD mutation. We show that FLT3-ITD high AR with NPM1 wild-type have significantly improved survival compared with other European LeukemiaNet (ELN) adverse risk disease. In multivariable cox proportional hazards model of patients receiving intensive or low-intensity induction regimens, FLT3 mutations did not have prognostic significance. The use of allogeneic SCT in CR1 for patients with FLT3 mutations appears to improve survival, particularly in those with ELN adverse risk disease. Overall, this data highlights the changing prognostic impact of FLT3 mutations in a contemporary era with appropriate use of induction therapy combined with targeted agents and allogenic SCT.

摘要

FLT3 基因中的突变是急性髓系白血病(AML)中常见的基因组改变。FLT3 内部串联重复突变(FLT3-ITD)一直被证明具有不良的预后意义,尤其是那些等位基因比(AR)高的突变。目前的 AML 治疗策略,包括高剂量阿糖胞苷、嘌呤类似物、FLT3 抑制剂(FLT3i),以及是否进行同种异体干细胞移植(SCT),已经被证明可以改善 FLT3 突变患者的预后。我们分析了一家大型学术医疗中心 2012 年 1 月至 2020 年 1 月期间连续确诊的 AML 患者队列。共回顾了 1576 例新诊断的 AML 患者。其中,1438 例(91%)进行了 FLT3 突变的分子检测,21%(304/1438)存在 FLT3 突变,包括 17%存在 FLT3-ITD 突变。我们发现,NPM1 野生型的 FLT3-ITD 高 AR 与其他欧洲白血病网(ELN)不良风险疾病相比,生存明显改善。在接受强化或低强度诱导治疗的患者的多变量 cox 比例风险模型中,FLT3 突变没有预后意义。在 CR1 期对 FLT3 突变患者进行同种异体 SCT 的应用似乎可以改善生存,尤其是在 ELN 不良风险疾病患者中。总的来说,这些数据强调了在当代,随着诱导治疗与靶向药物和同种异体 SCT 的合理应用,FLT3 突变的预后影响正在发生变化。

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