4559University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Bennington College, Bennington VT, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Dec;37(23-24):NP21525-NP21548. doi: 10.1177/08862605211063004. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
To date, research on social reactions to dating and sexual violence (DSV) disclosure has largely neglected the perspective of disclosure recipients. Moreover, few studies have explored disclosure recipients' perceptions of the victim and perceptions of their own effectiveness in helping as well as the correlates of these perceptions. The purpose of this study was to address these gaps in the literature. Participants were 783 college students (73.0% female) who reported receiving a DSV disclosure in the past 6 months. Participants who provided more negative social reactions to victim disclosures were less likely to empathize with the victim and more likely to feel victim blame/burdensomeness and confusion/ineffectiveness in their responses. Conversely, those providing more positive social reactions were more likely to empathize with the victim and were less likely to report victim blame/burdensomeness and confusion/ineffectiveness. Further, recipients with a DSV victimization history were more likely to report empathy for the victim. Being a man and having higher post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with greater victim blame/burdensomeness, while the victim approaching the recipient to disclose and DSV experiences that occurred long ago were associated with lower victim blame/burdensomeness. Finally, depressive symptoms, receiving disclosures from a stranger/casual friend, and less frequent discussion about the incident were significantly associated with increased confusion/ineffectiveness. These findings suggest that perceptions of the victim and helping effectiveness, and factors associated with them, may be promising targets of programs seeking to reduce negative and increase positive social reactions to DSV disclosures.
迄今为止，关于社交对约会和性暴力（DSV）披露的反应的研究在很大程度上忽视了披露接受者的观点。此外，很少有研究探讨过披露接受者对受害者的看法以及他们自己在帮助方面的有效性的看法，以及这些看法的相关因素。本研究旨在填补文献中的这些空白。参与者为 783 名大学生（73.0%为女性），他们报告在过去 6 个月内收到过 DSV 披露。对受害者披露提供更多负面社会反应的参与者不太可能对受害者产生共鸣，更有可能感到受害者的责备/负担感和在回应中感到困惑/无效。相反，那些提供更积极的社会反应的人更有可能对受害者产生共鸣，并且不太可能报告受害者的责备/负担感和困惑/无效。此外，有 DSV 受害史的接受者更有可能对受害者表示同情。作为男性和更高的创伤后应激症状与更大的受害者责备/负担感有关，而受害者接近接受者来披露和很久以前发生的 DSV 经历则与较低的受害者责备/负担感有关。最后，抑郁症状、从陌生人/普通朋友那里收到披露以及对事件的讨论不频繁与增加的困惑/无效性显著相关。这些发现表明，对受害者的看法和帮助的有效性以及与之相关的因素可能是旨在减少对 DSV 披露的负面反应和增加积极反应的项目的有希望的目标。
