Mennicke Annelise, Coates Constance Austin, Jules Bridget, Langhinrichsen-Rohling Jennifer
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Nov;37(21-22):NP20092-NP20119. doi: 10.1177/08862605211050107. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Disclosure of interpersonal violence (i.e., sexual violence, sexual harassment, dating violence, and stalking) is often the first step toward receiving social and systemic support. Research demonstrates that sexual assault and dating violence survivors on college campuses are more likely to disclosure to informal sources (i.e., friends and family) than formal sources (e.g., police, Title IX, counseling centers). However, there is limited research examining disclosure rates after other forms of violence (i.e., stalking, sexual harassment), and little is known about the impact of the survivors' identities on disclosure. Utilizing four academic years (2016-2019) of aggregated campus climate data from a large Southeastern university, the current study examined rates of disclosure across experiences of sexual violence, sexual harassment, dating violence, and stalking while identifying whether the prevalence and type of disclosure (formal versus informal-only) differed by gender, sexual orientation, and/or race/ethnicity. Of 8,017 participants, 4.6% reported sexual violence, 18.9% reported sexual harassment, 12.3% reported dating violence, and 11.3% reported stalking in the past academic year. Results of multinomial logistic regression indicated that, across all four types of violence, men (as compared to women) had lower odds of disclosing both informally-only and formally. Bisexual as compared to heterosexual students had higher odds of formal disclosure of sexual harassment and stalking while gay/lesbian students had higher odds of formally disclosing sexual harassment. Individuals of another race/ethnicity (compared to White students) had lower odds of informal-only disclosure of dating violence. Findings underscore the need to implement programs to improve the social reactions of friends and family members receiving disclosures, and to increase culturally-tailored service provision.
披露人际暴力行为（即性暴力、性骚扰、约会暴力和跟踪骚扰）往往是获得社会和系统支持的第一步。研究表明，大学校园里的性侵犯和约会暴力幸存者向非正式渠道（即朋友和家人）披露情况的可能性高于向正式渠道（如警方、第九章、咨询中心）披露。然而，关于其他形式暴力行为（即跟踪骚扰、性骚扰）后的披露率研究有限，对于幸存者身份对披露的影响也知之甚少。利用一所东南部大型大学四个学年（2016 - 2019年）汇总的校园氛围数据，本研究调查了性暴力、性骚扰、约会暴力和跟踪骚扰经历的披露率，同时确定披露的普遍性和类型（仅正式披露与仅非正式披露）是否因性别、性取向和/或种族/族裔而有所不同。在8017名参与者中，4.6%的人报告了性暴力，18.9%的人报告了性骚扰，12.3%的人报告了约会暴力，11.3%的人报告了在过去一学年遭受跟踪骚扰。多项逻辑回归结果表明，在所有四种暴力类型中，男性（与女性相比）仅向非正式渠道和正式渠道披露情况的几率较低。与异性恋学生相比，双性恋学生正式披露性骚扰和跟踪骚扰的几率更高，而同性恋学生正式披露性骚扰的几率更高。其他种族/族裔的人（与白人学生相比）仅向非正式渠道披露约会暴力的几率较低。研究结果强调需要实施相关项目，以改善接收披露信息的朋友和家庭成员的社会反应，并增加针对不同文化背景的服务提供。
