Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Womens Health (Lond). 2022 Jan-Dec;18:17455065211068688. doi: 10.1177/17455065211068688.
The success of antiretroviral therapy has resulted in the normalization of pregnancy among women living with HIV and a very low risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. Despite these advances, women living with HIV still face complex medical and psychosocial issues during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to describe experiences of pregnancy and the relevance of social support among women living with HIV in Nordic countries.
This qualitative study examined data from pregnant women living with HIV from sites in Denmark, Sweden and Finland from 2019 to 2020. Data were collected in the third trimester via individual interviews using a hybrid, narrative/semistructured format. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using narrative thematic analysis.
In total, 31 women living with HIV were enrolled, of whom 61% originated from an African country and 29% from a Nordic country. The analysis generated four primary narrative themes: just a normal pregnancy, unique considerations and concerns, interactions with healthcare, and social support. Women living with HIV have a strong desire to have normal pregnancies and to be treated like any other pregnant woman. However, this normality is fragile, and being pregnant and living with HIV does come with unique considerations and concerns, such as fear of transmission, antiretroviral therapy, and the need for specialized care, which are fundamental to the women's experiences. Interactions with healthcare providers and social support influence their experiences in both positive and negative ways.
The findings emphasize a sense of normality in pregnancy among women living with HIV. However, pregnancy does come with unique considerations and concerns, which highly influence the women's experience of pregnancy. Healthcare providers should focus on person-centered care, ensuring continuity and that women living with HIV do not feel discriminated against throughout their pregnancy.
抗逆转录病毒疗法的成功使 HIV 感染者女性能够正常怀孕，且母婴垂直传播 HIV 的风险非常低。尽管取得了这些进展，但 HIV 感染者女性在怀孕期间仍面临复杂的医学和心理社会问题。本研究旨在描述北欧国家 HIV 感染者女性的妊娠经历和社会支持的相关性。
这项定性研究调查了 2019 年至 2020 年期间来自丹麦、瑞典和芬兰的 HIV 感染者孕妇的数据。数据是在妊娠晚期通过个体访谈收集的，访谈采用混合的叙事/半结构化格式。转录的访谈使用叙事主题分析进行分析。
共纳入 31 名 HIV 感染者女性，其中 61%来自非洲国家，29%来自北欧国家。分析生成了四个主要叙事主题：正常妊娠、特殊考虑和关注点、与医疗保健的互动、社会支持。HIV 感染者女性强烈希望拥有正常的妊娠并像其他孕妇一样得到治疗。然而，这种正常状态是脆弱的，怀孕和 HIV 感染确实会带来特殊的考虑和关注点，如传播的恐惧、抗逆转录病毒治疗以及对专门护理的需求，这些都是女性经历的核心。与医疗保健提供者的互动和社会支持以积极和消极的方式影响着她们的经历。
研究结果强调了 HIV 感染者女性妊娠的正常状态。然而，妊娠确实会带来特殊的考虑和关注点，这极大地影响了女性的妊娠体验。医疗保健提供者应关注以人为本的护理，确保连续性，并确保 HIV 感染者女性在整个怀孕期间不感到受到歧视。
