Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
J Med Entomol. 2022 Mar 16;59(2):514-524. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab218.
Our knowledge on many necrophilous dipterans was limited for a long time mainly due to taxonomic issues. Therefore, findings on the sex-related associations with pig carcasses in Dryomyzidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Piophilidae are presented. Moreover, the effectiveness of pitfall traps and sweep nets in fly sampling were compared, since the correct method of collecting insects is critical for the development and application of entomological tools for forensic purposes. The trapped numbers of all species differed significantly in respect to both sexes. The sex ratios were strongly female-biased in most species of Muscidae and in Fanniidae. More females were also collected in Piophilidae, but the proportion of males was higher when compared to muscids. Within Dryomyzidae, the sex ratio differed according to species. Only Dryomyza flaveola (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Dryomyzidae) and Muscina pascuorum (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Muscidae) had male-biased sex ratios. Differences in residency patterns between sexes in Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Piophilidae), Liopiophila varipes (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera: Piophilidae), and D. flaveola were statistically insignificant. All studied species were recorded for each sampling method. The effect of the sampling method on the number of individuals was statistically significant for all dipterans but Piophilidae. Pitfall traps outcompeted the aerial sweep net in representing Dryomyzidae and Muscidae, whereas both methods were almost equally effective in the collection of Piophilidae. A varied effectiveness of sampling methods was observed in Fanniidae. The sampling method significantly affected the determination of the appearance time of flies on carcasses, but the effect of species and sampling method was insignificant. Implications for forensic entomology are discussed.
我们对许多食尸性双翅目昆虫的了解在很长一段时间内都受到分类学问题的限制。因此，本文介绍了在鳞蝇科、丽蝇科、蝇科和甲蝇科中与猪尸有关的性别关联的研究结果。此外，还比较了陷阱和扫网在蝇类采样中的效果，因为正确的昆虫收集方法对于法医昆虫学工具的开发和应用至关重要。所有物种的捕获数量在两性之间存在显著差异。在大多数蝇科和丽蝇科物种中，性别比例严重偏向雌性。在甲蝇科中也收集到了更多的雌性，但与蝇科相比，雄性比例更高。在鳞蝇科中，性别比例因物种而异。只有黄潜蝇（Dryomyza flaveola）（双翅目：鳞蝇科）和沼泽蝇（Muscina pascuorum）（双翅目：蝇科）具有雄性偏斜的性别比例。在 Stearibia nigriceps（双翅目：甲蝇科）、Liopiophila varipes（双翅目：甲蝇科）和 D. flaveola 中，雌雄之间的居留模式差异在统计学上无显著性。所有研究的物种都在每种采样方法中被记录下来。采样方法对个体数量的影响在所有双翅目昆虫中都是显著的，但在甲蝇科中除外。对于鳞蝇科和蝇科，陷阱比空中扫网更能有效地代表其种群，而对于甲蝇科，这两种方法的收集效果几乎相同。在丽蝇科中，采样方法的效果存在差异。采样方法对确定蝇类在尸体上出现的时间有显著影响，但物种和采样方法的影响不显著。讨论了法医昆虫学的意义。
