Kang Hyungseok, Kim Joo Sung, Choi Seok-Ryul, Kim Young-Hoon, Kim Do Hwan, Kim Jung-Gu, Lee Tae-Woo, Cho Jeong Ho
SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Nano Converg. 2022 Jan 5;9(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s40580-021-00295-2.
In this study, we performed metal (Ag, Ni, Cu, or Pd) electroplating of core-shell metallic Ag nanowire (AgNW) networks intended for use as the anode electrode in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to modify the work function (WF) and conductivity of the AgNW networks. This low-cost and facile electroplating method enabled the precise deposition of metal onto the AgNW surface and at the nanowire (NW) junctions. AgNWs coated onto a transparent glass substrate were immersed in four different metal electroplating baths: those containing AgNO for Ag electroplating, NiSO for Ni electroplating, CuPO for Cu electroplating, and PdCl for Pd electroplating. The solvated metal ions (Ag, Ni, Cu, and Pd) in the respective electroplating baths were reduced to the corresponding metals on the AgNW surface in the galvanostatic mode under a constant electric current achieved by linear sweep voltammetry via an external circuit between the AgNW networks (cathode) and a Pt mesh (anode). The amount of electroplated metal was systematically controlled by varying the electroplating time. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the four different metals (shells) were successfully electroplated on the AgNWs (core), and the nanosize-controlled electroplating process produced metal NWs with varying diameters, conductivities, optical transmittances, and WFs. The metal-electroplated AgNWs were successfully employed as the anode electrodes of the OLEDs. This facile and low-cost method of metal electroplating of AgNWs to increase their WFs and conductivities is a promising development for the fabrication of next-generation OLEDs.
在本研究中，我们对用作有机发光二极管（OLED）阳极的核壳金属银纳米线（AgNW）网络进行了金属（银、镍、铜或钯）电镀，以改变AgNW网络的功函数（WF）和导电性。这种低成本且简便的电镀方法能够将金属精确地沉积在AgNW表面和纳米线（NW）的结点处。将涂覆在透明玻璃基板上的AgNW浸入四种不同的金属电镀液中：含硝酸银用于银电镀的电镀液、含硫酸镍用于镍电镀的电镀液、含磷酸铜用于铜电镀的电镀液以及含氯化钯用于钯电镀的电镀液。在通过线性扫描伏安法经AgNW网络（阴极）与铂网（阳极）之间的外部电路实现的恒定电流下，以恒电流模式将各电镀液中的溶剂化金属离子（银、镍、铜和钯）还原为AgNW表面上的相应金属。通过改变电镀时间来系统地控制电镀金属的量。扫描电子显微镜图像显示，四种不同的金属（壳层）成功电镀在了AgNW（核）上，且纳米尺寸可控的电镀过程产生了具有不同直径、导电性、光学透过率和功函数的金属纳米线。金属电镀的AgNW成功用作了OLED的阳极。这种简便且低成本的AgNW金属电镀方法可提高其功函数和导电性，是下一代OLED制造领域一项很有前景的进展。
