Human Immuno-Virology (H.I.V.) Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.
Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2407:17-28. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_2.
As already discussed for T cell lines, also myeloid cell lines as served as the earliest models of chronic HIV infection. They were particularly relevant in the late 1980s and early 1990s when most experimental in vitro infections were based on laboratory-adapted "T-cell tropic" strains of HIV-1, such as LAI/IIIB or others, that later were found to rely upon CXCR4 as coreceptor for viral entry in addition to CD4 as primary receptor. Although primary macrophages do express CXCR4 together with CD4, virus replication is much less efficient than that observed with CCR5-using "macrophage-tropic" strains, as discussed separately in this book. Although different myeloid cell lines have been used to generate models of chronic HIV-1 infection that could be used to investigate features of proviral reactivation, as reviewed in (Cassol et al. J Leukoc Biol 80:1018-1030, 2006), two cell lines in particular have been broadly used and will be here discussed: the U937-derived U1 and HL-60-derived OM-10.1.
正如前文讨论的 T 细胞系，髓系细胞系也被用作慢性 HIV 感染的最早模型。在 20 世纪 80 年代末和 90 年代初，当大多数体外实验感染都是基于实验室适应的“T 细胞嗜性”HIV-1 株，如 LAI/IIIB 或其他株时，它们尤其相关，后来发现这些株除了 CD4 作为主要受体外，还依赖 CXCR4 作为病毒进入的辅助受体。尽管原代巨噬细胞确实表达 CXCR4 和 CD4，但病毒复制的效率远低于使用 CCR5 的“巨噬细胞嗜性”株观察到的效率，这将在本书的其他部分单独讨论。尽管已经使用了不同的髓系细胞系来生成慢性 HIV-1 感染模型，这些模型可用于研究前病毒激活的特征，如（Cassol 等人，J Leukoc Biol 80:1018-1030, 2006）中所综述的，但有两种细胞系被广泛使用，这里将讨论：U937 衍生的 U1 和 HL-60 衍生的 OM-10.1。
