Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020 Dec 1;92(12):945-949. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5881.2021.
An aviation safety management system should consider and mitigate against all potential risks to flight safety. In addition to in-flight incapacitation, pilots falling below regulatory standards who are assessed as unfit may have represented a risk prior to that assessment. An analysis was undertaken of Class 1 certificate holders to determine factors correlated with unfit assessments. Fitness assessments of pre-existing Class 1 certificate holders following medical examinations (to EASA Part-MED standards) or between medicals were studied between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. Assessments where the outcome was 'fit' (= 99,406) were compared with those where the outcome was 'unfit' (= 7925). Analyses for correlation between unfit assessments against age, declared coexisting medical conditions, and the number of days since last assessed as fit were undertaken using SPSS. Unfit assessment likelihood and age were strongly correlated; there is, however, evidence for the 'healthy worker effect', with a fall in unfit assessments between 60-65 yr of age. There was no association between coexisting medical condition declaration and the likelihood of becoming unfit. The time interval between a fit and unfit assessment was significantly lower when comparing 20-60 and 61-63 yr old individuals. The analysis of unfit assessments shows strong correlation with increasing age and the possible presence of the healthy worker effect among commercial pilots. The decreased time from a previous fit assessment to an unfit assessment supports the reduced certificate validity period of Class 1 applicants over 60 yr of age..
航空安全管理系统应考虑并减轻所有对飞行安全的潜在风险。除了飞行中丧失能力外，评估为不适合的飞行员低于监管标准，在评估之前可能已经存在风险。对一级证书持有人进行了分析，以确定与不适合评估相关的因素。对在体检（符合 EASA Part-MED 标准）或体检之间持有的原有一级证书持有人进行了健康评估，研究时间为 2016 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日。将结果为“适合”（=99,406）的评估与结果为“不适合”（=7925）的评估进行了比较。使用 SPSS 对不适合评估与年龄、声明并存的医疗状况以及上次被评估为适合的天数之间的相关性进行了分析。不适合评估的可能性与年龄密切相关；然而，有证据表明存在“健康工人效应”，即 60-65 岁之间不适合评估的人数有所下降。并存的医疗状况声明与不适合的可能性之间没有关联。在比较 20-60 岁和 61-63 岁的个体时，适合和不适合评估之间的时间间隔显著降低。不适合评估的分析表明，与年龄的增长呈强相关，商业飞行员中可能存在健康工人效应。从以前的适合评估到不适合评估的时间间隔缩短，支持了 60 岁以上一级申请人证书有效期的缩短。
