Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Wydział Pedagogiczny, Zakład Psychologii.
Psychiatr Pol. 2021 Aug 31;55(4):787-799. doi: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/111789.
This article provides an assessment of the problem of diagnostic errors in autism spectrum disorder. The fact that awareness of autism is on the increase has led to the emergence of a growing number of specialists, as well as other people professionally involved in education and the care of children, who have been noticing features of autistic disorders in ever-younger children. On the one hand, this is certainly beneficial in that the level of knowledge about the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is conducive to the identification of children's difficulties; on the other, however, there are concerns that the knowledge possessed by many of those who come into contact with children is often insufficient to diagnose this subtle and changing spectrum of disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders are especially difficult to assess in small children due to the overlapping symptoms of various disorders. Additionally, periods of intensive development or regression also overlap. Children aged two or three are still too young to exhibit some of the behaviors specific to ASD, and the assessment of speech development and its understanding may be deceptive. The diagnosis of "under observation for possible autism" is often exaggerated. The article presents case studies concerning diagnostic errors in autism spectrum disorder, their consequences and vital conclusions.
这篇文章评估了自闭症谱系障碍诊断错误的问题。随着人们对自闭症认识的提高，越来越多的专家以及其他从事儿童教育和护理工作的专业人员开始注意到越来越年幼的儿童身上出现自闭症障碍的特征。一方面，这无疑是有益的，因为对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）症状的了解有助于识别儿童的困难；但另一方面，人们担心与儿童接触的许多人所拥有的知识往往不足以诊断这种微妙且变化的障碍谱系。由于各种障碍的症状重叠，神经发育障碍尤其难以在幼儿中进行评估。此外，密集发展或退化的阶段也会重叠。两三岁的孩子还太小，无法表现出一些特定于 ASD 的行为，而且对言语发展及其理解的评估可能具有欺骗性。“观察可能的自闭症”的诊断通常被夸大了。本文介绍了自闭症谱系障碍诊断错误、其后果和重要结论的案例研究。
