Simms Mark D
Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Child Development Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, PO Box 1997, Mail Station 744, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Feb;64(1):127-138. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2016.08.009.
Most neurodevelopmental disorders are defined by their clinical symptoms and many disorders share common features. Recently there has been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, although concerns have been raised about the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates. This article reviews the essential features of autism spectrum disorder and describes other conditions that may include similar symptoms that may be misdiagnosed as autism spectrum disorder (primary communication disorders, anxiety disorders, attachment disorders, intellectual disability, vision and hearing impairment, and normal variations). An approach to differential diagnosis is discussed with particular attention to evaluation of young children.
大多数神经发育障碍是根据其临床症状来定义的，许多障碍具有共同特征。最近，被诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童数量有所增加，尽管有人对所报告的患病率的准确性表示担忧。本文回顾了自闭症谱系障碍的基本特征，并描述了其他可能包括类似症状的病症，这些症状可能被误诊为自闭症谱系障碍（原发性沟通障碍、焦虑症、依恋障碍、智力残疾、视力和听力障碍以及正常变异）。本文讨论了鉴别诊断的方法，尤其关注对幼儿的评估。
