Tallinn University of Technology, SOC353 Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia.
Päivölä Institute, Päivöläntie 52, Tarttila, 37770, Finland.
Environ Res. 2022 May 15;208:112627. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112627. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
In urban environment there is a constant increase of public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phone base stations. With the placement of mobile phone base station antennas radiofrequency hotspots emerge. This study investigates an area at Skeppsbron street in Stockholm, Sweden with an aggregation of base station antennas placed at low level close to pedestrians' heads. Detailed spatial distribution measurements were performed with 1) a radiofrequency broadband analyzer and 2) a portable exposimeter. The results display a greatly uneven distribution of the radiofrequency field with hotspots. The highest spatial average across all quadrat cells was 12.1 V m⁻ (388 mW m⁻), whereas the maximum recorded reading from the entire area was 31.6 V m⁻ (2648 mW m⁻). Exposimeter measurements show that the majority of exposure is due to mobile phone downlink bands. Most dominant are 2600 and 2100 MHz bands used by 4G and 3G mobile phone services, respectively. The average radiofrequency radiation values from the earlier studies show that the level of ambient RF radiation exposure in Stockholm is increasing. This study concluded that mobile phone base station antennas at Skeppsbron, Stockholm are examples of poor radiofrequency infrastructure design which brings upon highly elevated exposure levels to popular seaside promenade and a busy traffic street.
在城市环境中，人们会不断接触到来自移动电话基站的射频电磁场。随着移动电话基站天线的安装，会出现射频热点。本研究调查了瑞典斯德哥尔摩 Skeppsbron 街的一个区域，该区域集中安置了低架近人头高度的基站天线。使用 1）射频宽带分析仪和 2）便携式辐射计进行了详细的空间分布测量。结果显示，射频场存在极大的不均匀分布，热点很多。所有网格单元的空间平均最高值为 12.1 V/m（388 mW/m²），而整个区域的最大记录读数为 31.6 V/m（2648 mW/m²）。辐射计测量显示，大部分暴露是由于移动电话下行链路频段造成的。最主要的频段是 2600 MHz 和 2100 MHz，分别由 4G 和 3G 移动电话服务使用。早期研究的平均射频辐射值表明，斯德哥尔摩的环境射频辐射暴露水平正在增加。本研究得出的结论是，斯德哥尔摩 Skeppsbron 的移动电话基站天线是射频基础设施设计不佳的范例，这导致了海滨长廊和繁忙交通街道的辐射水平显著升高。
