College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):256. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04255-y.
Yellow mutant rainbow trout (YR), an economically important aquaculture species, is popular among consumers due to its excellent meat quality and attractive appearance. Skin color is a key economic trait for YR, but little is known about the molecular mechanism of skin color development. In this study, YR skin transcriptomes were analyzed to explore temporal expression patterns of pigmentation-related genes in three different stages of skin color development. In total, 16,590, 16,682, and 5619 genes were differentially expressed between fish at 1 day post-hatching (YR1d) and YR45d, YR1d and YR90d, and YR45d and YR90d. Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with pigmentation were identified, and almost all of them involved in pteridine and carotenoid synthesis were significantly upregulated in YR45d and YR90d compared to YR1d, including GCH1, PTS, QDPR, CSFIR1, SLC2A11, SCARB1, DGAT2, PNPLA2, APOD, and BCO2. Interestingly, many DEGs enriched in melanin synthesis pathways were also significantly upregulated, including melanogenesis (MITF, MC1R, SLC45A2, OCA2, and GPR143), tyrosine metabolism (TYR, TYRP1, and DCT), and MAPK signaling (KITA) pathways. Using short time-series expression miner, we identified eight differential gene expression pattern profiles, and DEGs in profile 7 were associated with skin pigmentation. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that two modules were related to xanthophores and melanophores. In addition, 1,812,329 simple sequence repeats and 2,011,334 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered. The results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying skin pigmentation in YR, and could accelerate the molecular breeding of fish species with valuable skin color traits and will likely be highly informative for developing new therapeutic approaches to treat pigmentation disorders and melanoma.
黄色突变虹鳟（YR）是一种经济上重要的水产养殖物种，因其出色的肉质和诱人的外观而深受消费者喜爱。皮肤颜色是 YR 的一个关键经济特征，但对于皮肤颜色发育的分子机制知之甚少。在这项研究中，分析了 YR 的皮肤转录组，以探索三个不同皮肤颜色发育阶段中与色素沉着相关的基因的时间表达模式。总共，在 1 日龄孵化后（YR1d）和 YR45d、YR1d 和 YR90d 以及 YR45d 和 YR90d 之间的鱼之间，有 16590、16682 和 5619 个基因差异表达。鉴定出许多与色素沉着相关的差异表达基因（DEGs），并且几乎所有这些基因都与蝶呤和类胡萝卜素合成有关，与 YR1d 相比，在 YR45d 和 YR90d 中显著上调，包括 GCH1、PTS、QDPR、CSFIR1、SLC2A11、SCARB1、DGAT2、PNPLA2、APOD 和 BCO2。有趣的是，许多在黑色素合成途径中富集的差异表达基因也显著上调，包括黑色素生成（MITF、MC1R、SLC45A2、OCA2 和 GPR143）、酪氨酸代谢（TYR、TYRP1 和 DCT）和 MAPK 信号（KITA）途径。使用短时间序列表达挖掘器，我们确定了八个差异基因表达模式谱，并且谱 7 中的 DEGs 与皮肤色素沉着有关。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络分析表明，两个模块与黄色素细胞和黑色素细胞有关。此外，发现了 1812329 个简单序列重复和 2011334 个单核苷酸多态性。这些结果增强了我们对 YR 皮肤色素沉着分子机制的理解，并可能加速具有有价值皮肤颜色特征的鱼类的分子育种，并且对于开发治疗色素沉着障碍和黑色素瘤的新治疗方法很可能具有高度信息性。
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