Bruno Andreina, Ferrante Giuliana, Di Vincenzo Serena, Pace Elisabetta, La Grutta Stefania
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy.
Pediatric Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Front Physiol. 2021 Dec 22;12:776963. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.776963. eCollection 2021.
Leptin is a pleiotropic adipocytokine involved in several physiologic functions, with a known role in innate and adaptive immunity as well as in tissue homeostasis. Long- and short-isoforms of leptin receptors are widely expressed in many peripheral tissues and organs, such as the respiratory tract. Similar to leptin, microbiota affects the immune system and may interfere with lung health through the bidirectional crosstalk called the "gut-lung axis." Obesity leads to impaired protective immunity and altered susceptibility to pulmonary infections, as those by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although it is known that leptin and microbiota link metabolism and lung health, their role within the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deserves further investigations. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence about: (i) the role of leptin in immune modulation; (ii) the role of gut microbiota within the gut-lung axis in modulating leptin sensitivity; and (iii) the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
瘦素是一种多效性脂肪细胞因子，参与多种生理功能，在固有免疫和适应性免疫以及组织稳态中发挥着已知作用。瘦素受体的长异构体和短异构体在许多外周组织和器官中广泛表达，如呼吸道。与瘦素类似，微生物群会影响免疫系统，并可能通过被称为“肠-肺轴”的双向串扰干扰肺部健康。肥胖会导致保护性免疫受损，并改变对肺部感染（如由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的感染）的易感性。虽然已知瘦素和微生物群与代谢和肺部健康有关，但它们在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）中的作用值得进一步研究。本综述旨在总结关于以下方面的现有证据：（i）瘦素在免疫调节中的作用；（ii）肠道微生物群在肠-肺轴内调节瘦素敏感性的作用；（iii）瘦素在COVID-19病理生理学中的作用。
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