Schinkel Meghan G, Boerner Katelynn E, Chambers Christine T, McMurtry C Meghan
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Can J Pain. 2018 Nov 8;2(1):292-301. doi: 10.1080/24740527.2018.1537672. eCollection 2018.
Low levels of agreement between caregiver and child reports of acute pain are well documented.
This study builds on prior research through exploring factors that may contribute to low caregiver-child concordance. Specifically, the study examined the influence of adult and child sex on adult judgments of children's pain and fear during venipuncture and examined whether trait parental pain catastrophizing, empathy, and anxiety predicted judgment accuracy.
Using a judgment study paradigm, 160 participants (82 women) viewed 20 10-s video clips of children (10 boys, 10 girls) undergoing venipuncture and rated each child's pain and fear. Adults' ratings were compared to the children's own ratings. Adults completed measures of trait parental pain catastrophizing, dispositional empathy, and trait anxiety.
Adults accurately judged boys' pain and fear significantly more often than that of girls. Further, adults underestimated and overestimated girls' pain and overestimated girls' fear significantly more frequently than that of boys. No effects of adult sex or adult by child sex interactions emerged. Parental pain catastrophizing significantly predicted underestimation of girls' pain, with adults who engaged in more catastrophizing being less likely to underestimate girls' pain. The variables did not predict adult judgment of child pain for women and men separately and did not predict adult judgment of child fear when examined by adult sex, child sex, or both combined.
Child sex influences adult pain and fear judgments, with girls being more vulnerable to inaccurate assessment than boys. Higher levels of parental pain catastrophizing may buffer against adults' propensities to underestimate girls' pain.
照护者与儿童对急性疼痛的报告之间一致性较低，这一点已有充分记录。
本研究基于先前的研究，探索可能导致照护者与儿童之间一致性较低的因素。具体而言，该研究考察了成人和儿童的性别对成人在静脉穿刺过程中对儿童疼痛和恐惧的判断的影响，并检验了父母特质性疼痛灾难化、共情和焦虑是否能预测判断的准确性。
采用判断研究范式，160名参与者（82名女性）观看了20个时长为10秒的儿童（10名男孩，10名女孩）接受静脉穿刺的视频片段，并对每个儿童的疼痛和恐惧程度进行评分。将成人的评分与儿童自己的评分进行比较。成人完成了父母特质性疼痛灾难化、特质性共情和特质性焦虑的测量。
成人准确判断男孩疼痛和恐惧的次数显著多于女孩。此外，成人低估和高估女孩疼痛的情况，以及高估女孩恐惧的情况，都比男孩更频繁。未发现成人性别或成人与儿童性别交互作用的影响。父母疼痛灾难化显著预测了对女孩疼痛的低估，灾难化程度越高的成人低估女孩疼痛的可能性越小。这些变量在分别考察男性和女性时，均未预测成人对儿童疼痛的判断；在按成人性别、儿童性别或两者综合考察时，也未预测成人对儿童恐惧的判断。
儿童性别会影响成人对疼痛和恐惧的判断，女孩比男孩更容易受到不准确评估的影响。较高水平的父母疼痛灾难化可能会缓冲成人低估女孩疼痛的倾向。
