Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021 Dec 20;4(12):8584-8596. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01042. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Photoactivities and photoinduced antibacterial functions of two vitamin B (VB) derivatives, riboflavin (RF) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), were investigated by computational modeling and various experimental evaluations. Under photoirradiation, the ground state of both VB derivatives could be excited to generate different reactive oxygen species (ROS) by undergoing different reaction paths. The formed ROS could nonselectively inactivate microorganisms. However, both RF and FMN exhibited negligible photoinduced antimicrobial activity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions even at high concentrations. The study revealed that the affinity of both RF and FMN to microorganisms in different application media plays a key role due to the very short lifetime of the generated ROS. The speculation was proven by the preparation of a poly(vinyl alcohol--ethylene) (PVA--PE) nanofibrous membrane blended with RF or FMN, which could enhance the contact of the agents with microorganisms. The fabricated nanofibrous membranes containing both VB derivatives (VBNFMs) showed great photoinduced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative () (99.999% bacterial reduction) and Gram-positive () (99% bacterial reduction) under 20 min of ultra-violet A irradiation. The photoinduced antimicrobial performances of RF/PVA--PE and FMN/PVA--PE nanofibrous membranes were comparable. Interestingly, the durability of the photoinduced antibacterial functions of the prepared VBNFMs was questionable, due to the photodegradation of VB in nanomaterials.
通过计算建模和各种实验评估，研究了两种维生素 B（VB）衍生物核黄素（RF）和黄素单核苷酸（FMN）的光活性和光诱导抗菌功能。在光辐照下，两种 VB 衍生物的基态可以通过不同的反应路径被激发产生不同的活性氧（ROS）。形成的 ROS 可以非选择性地失活微生物。然而，即使在高浓度下，RF 和 FMN 在磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）溶液中也表现出可忽略不计的光诱导抗菌活性。研究表明，由于生成的 ROS 的寿命非常短，因此 RF 和 FMN 与不同应用介质中的微生物的亲和力在起关键作用。这一推测通过制备与 RF 或 FMN 共混的聚乙烯醇-乙烯（PVA-PE）纳米纤维膜得到了证实，这可以增强试剂与微生物的接触。含有两种 VB 衍生物的制备的纳米纤维膜（VBNFMs）在 20 分钟的紫外线 A 照射下显示出对革兰氏阴性菌（ ）（99.999%细菌减少）和革兰氏阳性菌（ ）（99%细菌减少）的强大光诱导抗菌活性。RF/PVA-PE 和 FMN/PVA-PE 纳米纤维膜的光诱导抗菌性能相当。有趣的是，由于纳米材料中 VB 的光降解，所制备的 VBNFMs 的光诱导抗菌功能的耐久性值得怀疑。
