Increased levels of low density neutrophils (LDNs) in myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND

Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils are highly plastic cells that can display heterogeneous phenotypes. Low-density neutrophils (LDNs) have been described in many inflammatory conditions, and are thought to represent an immature, hyperactivated subtype of neutrophils. Neutrophils are significantly involved in the inflammatory response to myocardial infarction (MI), although we do not know the extent to which LDNs exist, or function, in MI. This study sought to determine the frequency and phenotype of LDNs in MI patients, compared to healthy subjects (HS).

METHODS

LDNs and normal-density neutrophils (NDNs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of MI subjects ( = 12) and HSs ( = 12) using density gradient centrifugation. LDNs and NDNs were analysed by flow cytometry to identify neutrophils (CD66bCD15CD14CD3CD19 cells) and examine neutrophil activation (CD11b, CD66b and CD15) and maturity (CD33 and CD16).

RESULTS

We identified LDNs within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fraction of blood, and this population is significantly enriched in MI patients (1.04 ± 0.75% of PBMCs), compared to HS (0.29 ± 0.24%,  = .003). Across both cohorts, LDNs express significantly higher levels of CD66b and CD15, indicating a heightened state of activation compared to NDNs. In this study, LDNs were described as CD33CD16, compared to CD33CD16 NDNs, indicating the immaturity of this neutrophil subtype.

CONCLUSIONS

An increase in the frequency of hyperactivated, immature LDNs is an immunological feature of MI. We highlight a potential pathological role of LDNs in MI, which underscores the need to expand our current understanding of this subtype in MI and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).