Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte-DU, India.
Department of Pharmacology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte-DU, India.
J Chin Med Assoc. 2022 Jan 1;85(1):77-80. doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000665.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia induces reactive oxygen species and increases oxidative stress. Human serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is an enzyme synthesized in the liver, and it is an antioxidant enzyme with a beneficial role in fighting oxidative stress. The objective of the study was to compare PON-1 activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetics, as well as to find the association between PON-1 activity and different insulin resistance (IR) models in diabetics.
The cross-sectional study recruited 100 diabetic and 100 age and gender-matched controls. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide, were assayed. PON-1 activity was measured by the spectrophotometric method. Various insulin resistance models based on insulin and C-peptide were constructed using appropriate formulae. Receiver operating characteristic was constructed to find if PON-1 can be a good marker for diabetes.
PON-1 activity was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in diabetics compared to controls. Highly significant hyperinsulinemia (p < 0.0001) was noted in diabetics. C-peptide levels were significantly lower in cases (p = 0.0215) as compared to controls. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR C was insignificantly higher in cases. HOMA B cell, HOMA 1% B cell, and C-peptide-based IR (CIR) were significantly lower in cases (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002), respectively, as compared to controls. An odds ratio of 3.15 was obtained, which suggests that the risk of T2DM is 3 times higher in subjects with elevated PON-1 levels. Chi-square showed a significant association (p = 0.0001) between DM and PON-1 levels; the chi-square statistic value (with Yates correction) was 14.49. Correlation data showed that PON-1 activity had a significant negative correlation with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (r = -0.265, p = 0.019). A significant negative correlation (r = -0.22, p = 0.016) was also seen between PON-1 and CIR (HOMA-IR C). There was no significant correlation seen between PON-1 and other IR models.
It can be concluded from our study that PON-1 activity is elevated in T2DM patients, which can be a beneficial marker.
糖尿病是一种代谢紊乱疾病，其特征为由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或胰岛素作用缺陷引起的高血糖。慢性高血糖会诱导活性氧产生并增加氧化应激。人血清对氧磷酶-1（PON-1）是一种在肝脏中合成的酶，它是一种抗氧化酶，在对抗氧化应激方面具有有益作用。本研究的目的是比较 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者和非糖尿病患者的 PON-1 活性，并寻找糖尿病患者中 PON-1 活性与不同胰岛素抵抗（IR）模型之间的关联。
这项横断面研究招募了 100 名糖尿病患者和 100 名年龄和性别匹配的对照者。检测空腹血糖、胰岛素和 C 肽。通过分光光度法测定 PON-1 活性。使用适当的公式构建了基于胰岛素和 C 肽的各种胰岛素抵抗模型。构建了接受者操作特征曲线，以确定 PON-1 是否可以作为糖尿病的良好标志物。
与对照组相比，糖尿病患者的 PON-1 活性显著升高（p<0.0001）。糖尿病患者出现显著的高胰岛素血症（p<0.0001）。与对照组相比，病例组的 C 肽水平显著降低（p=0.0215）。病例组的稳态模型评估（HOMA）-IR C 无显著升高。病例组的 HOMA B 细胞、HOMA 1% B 细胞和 C 肽基础胰岛素抵抗（CIR）均显著降低（p<0.0001 和 p=0.002）。获得的优势比为 3.15，这表明 PON-1 水平升高的受试者患 T2DM 的风险增加 3 倍。卡方检验显示 DM 和 PON-1 水平之间存在显著关联（p=0.0001）；卡方统计值（带 Yates 校正）为 14.49。相关数据显示，PON-1 活性与定量胰岛素敏感性检查指数（r=-0.265，p=0.019）呈显著负相关。PON-1 与 CIR（HOMA-IR C）之间也存在显著负相关（r=-0.22，p=0.016）。PON-1 与其他 IR 模型之间未见显著相关性。
我们的研究表明，T2DM 患者的 PON-1 活性升高，这可能是一个有益的标志物。
