Nano-Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar Gujarat, India, 382426.
Nano-Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar Gujarat, India, 382426.
Chemosphere. 2022 Apr;293:133563. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133563. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
Contamination of water sources with various organic and inorganic non-biodegradable pollutants is becoming a growing concern due to industrialization, urbanization, and the inefficiency of traditional wastewater treatment processes. Transition Metal Carbides/Nitrides (MXenes) are emerging as advanced nanomaterials of choice for treating contaminated water owing to their excellent conductivity, mechanical flexibility, high specific surface area, scalable production, rich surface functionalities, and layered morphology. MXenes have demonstrated enhanced ability to adsorb various organic and inorganic contaminants depending upon their surface terminal groups (-OH, -F, and -O) and interlayer spacing. Titanium carbide (TiCT) is most researched to date due to its ease of processing and stability. TiCT has shown excellent performance in absorbing heavy metal ions and radioactive heavy metals. This review summarizes state-of-the-art TiCT synthesis, including selective etching techniques, optimization of the desired adsorption features (controlling surface functional groups, intercalation, sonication, and functionalization), and regeneration and adsorption mechanism to remove contaminants. Furthermore, the review also compares the adsorption performance of TiCT with other commercial adsorbents (including chitosan, cellulose, biomass, and zeolites). TiCT has been found to have an adsorption efficiency of more than 90% in most studies due to its layered structure, which makes the functional groups easily accessible, unique and novel compared to other conventional nanomaterials and adsorbents. The challenges, potential solutions, and prospects associated with the commercial development of TiCT as adsorbents are also discussed. The review establishes a framework for future wastewater treatment research using MXenes to address the global problem of water scarcity.
由于工业化、城市化和传统废水处理工艺的效率低下，水源受到各种有机和无机难生物降解污染物的污染，这一问题日益受到关注。过渡金属碳化物/氮化物（MXenes）作为一种先进的纳米材料，由于其优异的导电性、机械柔韧性、高比表面积、可扩展性生产、丰富的表面功能和层状形态，在处理受污染的水中表现出卓越的能力，正成为人们关注的焦点。MXenes 根据其表面末端基团（-OH、-F 和-O）和层间距，表现出增强吸附各种有机和无机污染物的能力。迄今为止，由于其易于加工和稳定性，碳化钛（TiCT）的研究最为广泛。TiCT 在吸附重金属离子和放射性重金属方面表现出优异的性能。本综述总结了 TiCT 的最新合成技术，包括选择性刻蚀技术、优化所需吸附特性（控制表面官能团、插层、超声处理和功能化）以及再生和吸附机制以去除污染物。此外，该综述还比较了 TiCT 与其他商业吸附剂（包括壳聚糖、纤维素、生物质和沸石）的吸附性能。由于 TiCT 的层状结构，使得其功能基团易于接近，与其他传统纳米材料和吸附剂相比具有独特性和新颖性，因此在大多数研究中 TiCT 的吸附效率超过 90%。还讨论了 TiCT 作为吸附剂的商业开发所面临的挑战、潜在解决方案和前景。该综述为使用 MXenes 进行未来废水处理研究建立了一个框架，以解决全球水资源短缺问题。
