Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India.
Division of Life Science, School of Sciences, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391 410, Gujarat, India.
Biochimie. 2022 Nov;202:2-14. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.001. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-related complications are amongst the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The international diabetes federation (IDF) has estimated 592 million people to suffer from DM by 2035. Hence, finding a novel biomolecule that can effectively aid diabetes management is vital, as other existing drugs have numerous side effects. Melatonin, a pineal hormone having antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, has been implicated in circadian dysrhythmia-linked DM. Reduced levels of melatonin and a functional link between melatonin and insulin are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, genomic studies revealed that rare variants in melatonin receptor 1b (MTNR1B) are also associated with impaired glucose tolerance and increased risk of T2D. Moreover, exogenous melatonin treatment in cell lines, rodent models, and diabetic patients has shown a potent effect in alleviating diabetes and other related complications. This highlights the role of melatonin in glucose homeostasis. However, there are also contradictory reports on the effects of melatonin supplementation. Thus, it is essential to explore if melatonin can be taken from bench to bedside for diabetes management. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of melatonin in various diabetic models and whether it can be considered a safe drug for managing diabetic complications and diabetic manifestations like oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic dysregulation, etc.
糖尿病（DM）及其相关并发症是全球主要的死亡原因之一。国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）估计，到 2035 年，全球将有 5.92 亿人患有 DM。因此，寻找一种新的生物分子来有效辅助糖尿病管理至关重要，因为其他现有药物有许多副作用。褪黑素是一种具有抗氧化和抗炎特性的松果腺激素，与昼夜节律紊乱相关的 DM 有关。褪黑素水平降低以及褪黑素和胰岛素之间的功能联系与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的发病机制有关。此外，基因组研究表明，褪黑素受体 1b（MTNR1B）的罕见变异也与葡萄糖耐量受损和 T2D 风险增加有关。此外，细胞系、啮齿动物模型和糖尿病患者中外源褪黑素治疗已显示出在缓解糖尿病和其他相关并发症方面的有效作用。这突出了褪黑素在葡萄糖稳态中的作用。然而，关于褪黑素补充的影响也有矛盾的报告。因此，有必要探讨褪黑素是否可以从实验室走向临床用于糖尿病管理。本综述总结了褪黑素在各种糖尿病模型中的治疗潜力，以及它是否可以被视为一种安全的药物来管理糖尿病并发症和糖尿病表现，如氧化应激、炎症、内质网应激、线粒体功能障碍、代谢失调等。
