Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medcal Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Jan 1;18(3):983-994. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.66871. eCollection 2022.
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related disorders like obesity, the abnormal protein processing, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines will drive the activation of inflammatory pathways, leading to low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in the periphery and impaired neuronal insulin signaling in the brain. Studies have shown that such inflammation and impaired insulin signaling contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed for the treatment of T2DM and T2DM-linked AD. Melatonin is primarily known for its circadian role which conveys message of darkness and induces night-state physiological functions. Besides rhythm-related effects, melatonin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Melatonin levels are downregulated in metabolic disorders with IR, and activation of melatonin signaling delays disease progression. The aim of this Review is to highlight the therapeutic potentials of melatonin in preventing the acceleration of AD in T2DM individuals through its therapeutic mechanisms, including antioxidative effects, anti-inflammatory effects, restoring mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity.
在 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）及其相关疾病（如肥胖症）中，异常的蛋白质处理、氧化应激和促炎细胞因子会激活炎症途径，导致外周组织的低度慢性炎症和胰岛素抵抗（IR）以及大脑中神经元胰岛素信号受损。研究表明，这种炎症和受损的胰岛素信号会导致阿尔茨海默病（AD）的发生。因此，需要新的治疗策略来治疗 T2DM 和与 T2DM 相关的 AD。褪黑素主要因其昼夜节律作用而闻名，它传递黑暗的信息并诱导夜间生理功能。除了与节律相关的作用外，褪黑素还具有抗炎和抗氧化特性。在具有 IR 的代谢紊乱中，褪黑素水平下调，而褪黑素信号的激活会延迟疾病进展。本综述的目的是通过其治疗机制强调褪黑素在预防 T2DM 个体中 AD 加速的治疗潜力，包括抗氧化作用、抗炎作用、恢复线粒体功能和胰岛素敏感性。
