Bases of Electronics Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400027 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Communications Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400027 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Dec 29;22(1):221. doi: 10.3390/s22010221.
Technological breakthroughs have offered innovative solutions for smart parking systems, independent of the use of computer vision, smart sensors, gap sensing, and other variations. We now have a high degree of confidence in spot classification or object detection at the parking level. The only thing missing is end-user satisfaction, as users are forced to use multiple interfaces to find a parking spot in a geographical area. We propose a trustless federated model that will add a layer of abstraction between the technology and the human interface to facilitate user adoption and responsible data acquisition by leveraging a federated identity protocol based on Zero Knowledge Cryptography. No central authority is needed for the model to work; thus, it is trustless. Chained trust relationships generate a graph of trustworthiness, which is necessary to bridge the gap from one smart parking program to an intelligent system that enables smart cities. With the help of Zero Knowledge Cryptography, end users can attain a high degree of mobility and anonymity while using a diverse array of service providers. From an investor's standpoint, the usage of IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) lowers operational costs, increases service resilience, and decentralizes the network of smart parking solutions. A peer-to-peer content addressing system ensures that the data are moved close to the users without deploying expensive cloud-based infrastructure. The result is a macro system with independent actors that feed each other data and expose information in a common protocol. Different client implementations can offer the same experience, even though the parking providers use different technologies. We call this InterPlanetary Smart Parking Architecture NOW-IPSPAN.
技术突破为智能停车系统提供了创新的解决方案，这些方案不依赖于计算机视觉、智能传感器、间隙感应等变化。我们现在对停车层的车位分类或物体检测有很高的信心。唯一缺少的是用户满意度，因为用户被迫使用多个界面在地理区域内寻找停车位。我们提出了一个无需信任的联邦模型，该模型将在技术和人机界面之间添加一层抽象，以通过基于零知识密码学的联邦身份协议促进用户采用和负责任的数据采集。该模型不需要中央权威机构即可运行；因此，它是无需信任的。链式信任关系生成可信度图，这对于弥合从一个智能停车程序到使智能城市成为可能的智能系统的差距是必要的。借助零知识密码学，最终用户可以在使用各种服务提供商的同时获得高度的移动性和匿名性。从投资者的角度来看，使用 IPFS（星际文件系统）降低了运营成本、提高了服务弹性并使智能停车解决方案网络去中心化。对等内容寻址系统确保数据在不部署昂贵的基于云的基础设施的情况下靠近用户移动。结果是一个具有独立参与者的宏观系统，这些参与者相互提供数据并在公共协议中公开信息。不同的客户端实现可以提供相同的体验，即使停车提供商使用不同的技术。我们称之为星际智能停车架构 NOW-IPSPAN。
